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Pattern and Intensity of Erosion in the Environmentally Stressed Khulgad Watershed, Kumaun Himalaya
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In the Khulgad watershed in the Kosi Valley in the Kumaun Himalaya, the average rate of erosion is 0.07 mm/year or 186 t/km2/year. Tectonic and anthropogenic activities have together appreciably accelerated the rate of erosion. A study over the period of three years (1991-1993) demonstrated that the rate of erosion is 0.19 mm/year (500 tlkm2/year) in the tectonically disturbed land, 0.12 mm/year (315 t/km2/year) in the barren land, and 0.10 mm/year (278 t/km2/year) in the agricultural land, while in the forest lands it varies between 0.02 mm/year (41 t/km2/year) under an oak forest and 0.04 mm/year (100 t/km2/year) under a pine forest. Compared to the intensity of erosion in the least disturbed oak forest, the erosion rate is about 10 times higher in the tectonically disturbed land, and 5 to 8 times higher in the anthropogenically stressed agricultural and barren lands.
Keywords
Environmental Geology, Erosion, Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh.
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