India’s Iron and Steel Industry:Productivity, Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions

Currently, there are two main routes for the production of steel: production of primary steel using iron ores and scrap and production of secondary steel using scrap as the main raw material. A wide variety of steel products are produced by the industry, ranging from slabs and ingots to thin sheets, which are used in turn by a large number of manufacturing industries. Steel production requires several steps that can be accomplished with different processes. Both the input material of each step and the process substantially affect the total energy consumed during production. The following step by step process description is borrowed from Worrell et al. [1997, Pp. 727-744] and World Energy Council [1995].