Journal of Physics & Astronomy

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Scattering of Perfect Optical Vortex Beams : Physical Unclonable Function


Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
 

Nowadays, data security has become an important part for anyone connected to the web. Data security ensures that data is getting transmitted securely without any modifications or alterations to the intended receiver. To achieve data security, we have focused on cryptography which helps to protect our information from being stolen or third-party attacks. Encryption techniques demonstrate an excellent deal of data security when implemented in an optical system such as Holography due to the inherent physical properties of light and the precision it demands. Such systems are somehow vulnerable during their digital implementation under various attacks called crypt-analysis due to the predictable nature of security keys used for the encryption. In this work, we are presenting a Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) for producing a robust (stable over time) security key for digital encryption systems. More specifically, we have used the correlation functions of scattered perfect optical vortex beams for the generation of keys which can be used for encryption of data. Here, we convert the 2-D correlation function to 1-D key and digitize based on the average value which will be the random sequence of 1s and 0s. In the best of our knowledge, we are reporting this work for the first time. The experiment and simulation results are well matched.

Keywords

Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, PUF, Security, Cipher.
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Goyal A, Aggarwal S, Jain A. Quantum cryptography and its comparison with classical cryptography: A Review Paper. In 5th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies. 2011:1-517.

  • Mandel L, Wolf E. Optical coherence and quantum optics. Cambridge university press. 1995.

  • Kumar P, Fatima A, Nishchal NK. Image encryption using phase-encoded exclusive-OR operations with incoherent illumination. J Optics. 2019;21(6):065701.

  • Wang W, Hanson SG, Miyamoto Y. Experimental investigation of local properties and statistics of optical vortices in random wave fields. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;94(10):103902.

  • C R Alves, A J Jesus Silva, EJ Fonseca. Opt Lett. 2015:40;2747.

  • Goodman JW. Speckle phenomena in optics: theory and applications. Roberts and Company Publishers. 2007.

  • Vanitha P, Lal N, Rani A et al. Correlations in scattered perfect optical vortices. J Optics. 2021.

  • Ostrovsky AS, Rickenstorff-Parrao C, Arrizón V. Generation of the “perfect” optical vortex using a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Optics letters. 2013;38(4):534-6.

  • AT Friberg, T Setala. Electromagnetic theory of optical coherence (invited). J Opt Soc Am. 2016:33;2431-42.

  • S Liu, C Guo, J T Sheridan, A review of optical image encryption techniques, Opt Laser Technol. 2014:57;327-42.

  • Chen W, Javidi B, Chen X. Advances in optical security systems. Adv Opt Photonics. 2014;6(2):120-55.

  • Refregier P, Javidi B. Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding. Optics letters. 1995;20(7):767-9.

  • G Unnikrishnan, J Joseph, K Singh. Optical encryption by double-random phase encoding in the fractional Fourier domain. Opt Lett. 2000:25;887-89.

  • G Situ J Zhang. Double random-phase encoding in the Fresnel domain. Opt Lett. 2004:29;1584-86.

  • O. Matoba, B. Javidi. Encrypted optical memory system using three-dimensional keys in the Fresnel domain. Opt Lett. 1999:27;762-64.

  • H Rubinsztein-Dunlop, A Forbes, MV Berry, et al. Roadmap on structured light. J Opt. 2017:19;013001.

  • C Rosales-Guzman, B Ndagano, A Forbes, et al. A review of complex vector light fields and their applications. J Opt. 2018:20;123001.

  • A Forbes. Structured light from Lasers. Laser Photon Rev. 2019:13;1900140.

  • G Qu, W Yang, Q Song, et al. Reprogrammable meta-hologram for optical encryption. Nat Commun. 2020:11;5484.

  • A Trichili, AB Salem, A Dudley, et al. Encoding information using Laguerre Gaussian modes over free space turbulence media. Opt. Lett. 2016:41;3086-89.

  • X Fang, H Ren, M Gu. Orbital angular momentum holography for high-security encryption. Nat Photon. 2019:14;102-08.

  • Z Qiao, Z Wan, G Xi, et al. Multi-vortex laser enabling spatial and temporal encoding. Photoni X. 2020:1;13.

  • Y Zhao, J Wang. High-base vector beam encoding/decoding for visible-light communications. Opt Lett. 2015:40;4843-46.

  • G Milione, TA Nguyen, J Leach, et al. Using the nonseparability of vector beams to encode information for optical communication. Opt Lett. 2015:40;4887-4890.

  • M Xian, Y Xu, X Ouyang, et al. Segmented cylindrical vector beams for massively-encoded optical data storage. Sci Bull. 2020:65;207279.

  • H. Larocque, A. D Errico, MF Ferrer-Garcia, et al. Optical framed knots as information carriers. Nat Commun. 2020:11;5119.


Abstract Views: 123

PDF Views: 1




  • Scattering of Perfect Optical Vortex Beams : Physical Unclonable Function

Abstract Views: 123  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Bikash Kumar Das
Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Abstract


Nowadays, data security has become an important part for anyone connected to the web. Data security ensures that data is getting transmitted securely without any modifications or alterations to the intended receiver. To achieve data security, we have focused on cryptography which helps to protect our information from being stolen or third-party attacks. Encryption techniques demonstrate an excellent deal of data security when implemented in an optical system such as Holography due to the inherent physical properties of light and the precision it demands. Such systems are somehow vulnerable during their digital implementation under various attacks called crypt-analysis due to the predictable nature of security keys used for the encryption. In this work, we are presenting a Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) for producing a robust (stable over time) security key for digital encryption systems. More specifically, we have used the correlation functions of scattered perfect optical vortex beams for the generation of keys which can be used for encryption of data. Here, we convert the 2-D correlation function to 1-D key and digitize based on the average value which will be the random sequence of 1s and 0s. In the best of our knowledge, we are reporting this work for the first time. The experiment and simulation results are well matched.

Keywords


Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, PUF, Security, Cipher.

References