Manufacturing Technology Today

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

A Review on Minimum Quantity Lubrication for Machining of Difficult to Machine Materials


Affiliations
1 NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


There are lots of research happening in high speed machining especially for hard materials which find its applications in vast areas like aerospace, marine, automobiles etc. The main parameters which need to be taken care of while doing high speed machining are surface roughness and tool wear. To achieve high degree of surface finish and close tolerance in the work piece materials, care should be taken to select the right type of tool and lubrication. The conventional type flood lubrication system is found to be having more cost involved and also more time and work is involved in cleaning and disposal of used lubricants, which is also an ecological hazard. For high speed machining, reducing the temperature generated is the main concern by using suitable cooling system. In this regard Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has been found to be more effective compared to other lubrication systems. This paper presents a review of research work with regard to MQL and its systems with suitable additions for machining difficult to machine materials. An overview about different lubrication system types is presented, followed by some of the commonly used MQL systems. Further the different aspects related to use of MQL in different applications is presented, followed by the use of additives in MQL like use of nano particles is reviewed, to understand its effect on the performance of MQL. MQL with nano particles is more effective in reducing tool wear and surface roughness for all types of machining processes.

Keywords

Minimum Quantity Lubrication, Surface Roughness, Tool Wear, Difficult-To-Machine Materials, Nanoparticles.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Attanasio, A., Gelfi, M., Giardini, C., & Remino, C. (2006). Minimal quantity lubrication in turning: Effect on tool wear. Wear, 260(3), 333-338.

  • Batako, A. D., & Tsiakoumis, V. (2015). An experimental investigation into resonance dry grinding of hardened steel and nickel alloys with element of MQL. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 77(1-4), 27-41.

  • Behera, B. C., Ghosh, S., & Rao, P. V. (2016). Application of nanofluids during minimum quantity lubrication: a case study in turning process. Tribology International, 101, 234-246.

  • Behera, B. C., Setti, D., Ghosh, S., & Rao, P. V. (2017). Spreadability studies of metal working fluids on tool surface and its impact on minimum amount cooling and lubrication turning. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 244, 1-16.

  • Boubekri, N., & Shaikh, V. (2015). Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in machining: Benefits and drawbacks. Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information, 3(3), 205-209.

  • Cetindag, H. A., Cicek, A., & Ucak, N. (2020). The effects of CryoMQL conditions on tool wear and surface integrity in hard turning of AISI 52100 bearing steel. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 56, 463-473.

  • Chetan., Ghosh, S., & Rao, P. V. (2016). Environment friendly machining of Ni–Cr–Co based super alloy using different sustainable techniques. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 31(7), 852-859.

  • Coz, G. L., Marinescu, M., Devillez, A., Dudzinski, D., & Velnom, L. (2012). Measuring temperature of rotating cutting tools: Application to MQL drilling and dry milling of aerospace alloys. Applied Thermal Engineering, 36, 434-441.

  • Danish, M., Gupta, M. K., Rubaiee, S., Ahmed, A., & Korkmaz, M. E. (2021). Influence of hybrid CryoMQL lubri-cooling strategy on the machining and tribological characteristics of Inconel 718. Tribology International, 163, 107178.

  • Dhar, N. R., Ahmed, M. T., & Islam, S. (2007). An experimental investigation on effect of minimum quantity lubrication in machining AISI 1040 steel. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 47(5), 748-753.

  • Dhar, N. R., Islam, M. W., Islam, S., & Mithu, M. A. H. (2006a). The influence of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) on cutting temperature, chip and dimensional accuracy in turning AISI1040 steel. Journal of materials processing technology, 171(1), 93-99.

  • Dhar, N. R., Kamruzzaman, M., & Ahmed, M. (2006b). Effect of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) on tool wear and surface roughness in turning AISI-4340 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 172(2), 299-304.

  • Ekinovic, S., Prcanovic, H., & Begovic, E. (2015). Investigation of influence of MQL machining parameters on cutting forces during MQL turning of carbon steel St52-3. Procedia engineering, 132, 608-614.

  • Gajrani, K. K. (2020). Assessment of cryo-MQL environment for machining of Ti-6Al-4V. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 60, 494-502.

  • Ghosh, S., & Rao, P. V. (2019). Comparison between sustainable cryogenic techniques and nanoMQL cooling mode in turning of nickel-based alloy. Journal of cleaner production, 231, 10361049.

  • Ginting, Y. R., Boswell, B., Biswas, W., & Islam, N. (2015). Advancing environmentally conscious machining. Procedia CIRP, 26, 391-396.

  • Goindi, G. S., Jayal, A. D., & Sarkar, P. (2018). Application of ionic liquids in interrupted minimum quantity lubrication machining of plain medium carbon steel: Effects of ionicliquid properties and cutting conditions. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 32, 357-371.

  • Günan, F., Kivak, T., Yildirim, C. V., & Sarikaya, M. (2020). Performance evaluation of MQL with AL2O3 mixed nanofluids prepared at different concentrations in milling of Hastelloy C276 alloy. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(5), 10386-10400.

  • Guo, S., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, B., Yang, M., & Liu, G. (2017). Experimental evaluation of the lubrication performance of mixtures of castor oil with other vegetable oils in MQL grinding of nickel-based alloy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1060-1076.

  • Gupta, M. K., Sood, P. K., & Sharma, V. S. (2016). Machining parameters optimization of titanium alloy using response surface methodology and particle swarm optimization under minimumquantity lubrication environment. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 31(13), 16711682.

  • Hadad, M., & Sadeghi, B. (2012). Thermal analysis of minimum quantity lubrication-MQL grinding process. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 63, 1-15.

  • Han, S., Faverjon, P., Valiorgue, F., & Joël, R. (2017). Heat flux density distribution differences in four machining processes of AlSi7 block: MQL drilling, tapping, reaming and dry milling. Procedia CIRP, 58, 61-66.

  • Hussein, A. M., Bakar, R. A., Kadirgama, K., & Sharma, K. V. (2013). Experimental measurement of nanofluids thermal properties. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 7, 850.

  • Jamil, M., Khan, A. M., Gupta, M. K., Mia, M., He, N., Li, L., & Sivalingam, V. (2020). Influence of CO2-snow and subzero MQL on thermal aspects in the machining of Ti-6Al-4V. Applied Thermal Engineering, 177, 115480.

  • Joshi, S., Ramchandani, J., Tewari, A., & Joshi, S. (2012). Machinability Assessment of TI6AL4V Under MIST Jet Cooling. Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovations in Design and Manufacturing December 5-7, 2012, Jabalpur, India, 1-5.

  • Kaynak, Y. (2014). Evaluation of machining performance in cryogenic machining of Inconel 718 and comparison with dry and MQL machining. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 72(5), 919-933.

  • Kaynak, Y., Karaca, H. E., Noebe, R. D., & Jawahir, I. S. (2013). Tool-wear analysis in cryogenic machining of NiTi shape memory alloys: A comparison of tool-wear performance with dry and MQL machining. Wear, 306(1-2), 51-63.

  • Khanna, N., & Shah, P. (2020). Comparative analysis of dry, flood, MQL and cryogenic CO2 techniques during the machining of 15-5-PH SS alloy. Tribology International, 146, 106196.

  • Khatri, A., & Jahan, M. P. (2018). Investigating tool wear mechanisms in machining of Ti-6Al-4V in flood coolant, dry and MQL conditions. Procedia Manufacturing, 26, 434-445.

  • Khunt, C. P., Makhesana, M. A., Patel, K. M., & Mawandiya, B. K. (2021). Performance assessment of vegetable oil-based minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in drilling. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, 341-345.

  • Kilincarslan, S. K., & Cetin, M. H. (2020). Improvement of the milling process performance by using cutting fluids prepared with nano-silver and boric acid. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 56, Part A, 707-717.

  • Kivak, T., Sarikaya, M., Yildirim, C. V., & Sirin, S. (2020). Study on turning performance of PVD TiN coated Al2O3+ TiCN ceramic tool under cutting fluid reinforced by nano-sized solid particles. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 56, 522-539.

  • Li, G., Yi, S., Li, N., Pan, W., Wen, C., & Ding, S. (2019). Quantitative analysis of cooling and lubricating effects of graphene oxide nanofluids in machining titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 271, 584-598.

  • Liang, S. Y., & Ronan, A. (2003). Minimum quantity lubrication in finish hard turning. Georgia Institute of Technology: Atlanta, GA, USA.

  • Lin, H., Wang, C., Yuan, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, Q. & Xiong, W. (2015). Tool wear in Ti-6Al-4V alloy turning under oils on water cooling comparing with cryogenic air mixed with minimal quantity lubrication. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 81(1), 87-101.

  • Liu, Z., An, Q., Xu, J., Chen, M., & Han, S. (2013). Wear performance of (nc-AlTiN)/(a-Si3N4) coating and (nc-AlCrN)/(a-Si3N4) coating in high-speed machining of titanium alloys under dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. Wear, 305(1-2), 249-259.

  • Marques, A., Guimaraes, C., Silva, R. B., Fonseca, M. P. C., Sales, W. F., & Machado, A. R. (2016). Surface integrity analysis of Inconel 718 after turning with different solid lubricants dispersed in neat oil delivered by MQL. Procedia Manufacturing, 5, 609-620.

  • Maruda, R. W., Legutko, S., Krolczyk, G. M., & Raos, P. (2015). Influence of cooling conditions on the machining process under MQCL and MQL conditions. Tehničkivjesnik, 22(4), 965-970.

  • Mishra, S. K., Ghosh, S., & Aravindan, S. (2020). Machining performance evaluation of Ti6Al4V alloy with laser textured tools under MQL and nano-MQL environments. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 53, 174-189.

  • Nadolny, K., & Kieraś, S. (2020). Experimental studies on the centrifugal MQL-CCA method of applying coolant during the internal cylindrical grinding process. Materials, 13(10), 2383.

  • Pereira, O., Català, P., Rodríguez, A., Ostra, T., Vivancos, J., Rivero, A., & López-de-Lacalle, L. N. (2015). The use of hybrid CO2+ MQL in machining operations. Procedia Engineering, 132, 492-499.

  • Rabiei, F., Rahimi, A. R., & Hadad, M. J. (2017). Performance improvement of eco-friendly MQL technique by using hybrid nanofluid and ultrasonic-assisted grinding. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 93, 1001-1015.

  • Rahim, E. A., & Sasahara, H. (2011). A study of the effect of palm oil as MQL lubricant on high speed drilling of titanium alloys. Tribology International, 44(3), 309-317.

  • Sanchez, J. A., Pombo, I., Alberdi, R., Izquierdo, B., Ortega, N., Plaza, S., & Martinez-Toledano, J. (2010). Machining evaluation of a hybrid MQL-CO2 grinding technology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(18), 1840-1849.

  • Sapian, N. F. B. (2012). Design of Pulse Jet Coolant Delivery System for Minimal Quantity Lubricant (IP MQL) Operation (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia).

  • Sarıkaya, M., & Gullu, A. (2015). Multi-response optimization of minimum quantity lubrication parameters using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis in turning of difficult-to-cut alloy Haynes 25. Journal of Cleaner Production, 91, 347-357.

  • Sen, B., Mia, M., Mandal, U. K., Dutta, B., & Mondal, S. P. (2019). Multi-objective optimization for MQL-assisted end milling operation: an intelligent hybrid strategy combining GEP and NTOPSIS. Neural Computing and Applications, 31(12), 8693-8717.

  • Shokrani, A., Al-Samarrai, I., & Newman, S. T. (2019). Hybrid cryogenic MQL for improving tool life in machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 43, 229-243.

  • Shokrani, Alborz., Dhokia, V., and Newman, S. T. (2017). Hybrid cooling and lubricating technology for CNC milling of Inconel 718 nickel alloy. Procedia Manufacturing 11, 625-632.

  • Singh, G., Pruncu, C. I., Gupta, M. K., Mia, M., Khan, A. M., Jamil, M., & Sharma, V. S. (2019). Investigations of machining characteristics in the upgraded MQL-assisted turning of pure titanium alloys using evolutionary algorithms. Materials, 12(6), 999.

  • Sivaiah, P., Ajay Kumar, G, V., Singh, M, M., & Kumar, H. (2020). Effect of novel hybrid texture tool on turning process performance in MQL machining of Inconel 718 superalloy. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 35(1), 61-71.

  • Sivaiah, P., & Chakradhar, D. (2018). Effect of cryogenic coolant on turning performance characteristics during machining of 17-4 PH stainless steel: A comparison with MQL, wet, dry machining. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 21, 86-96.

  • Sivalingam, V., Zan, Z., Sun, J., Selvam, B., Gupta, M. K., Jamil, M., & Mia, M. (2020). Wear behaviour of whisker-reinforced ceramic tools in the turning of Inconel 718 assisted by an atomized spray of solid lubricants. Tribology International, 148, 106235.

  • Soman, A., Shanbhag, V., & Kuppan, P. S. M. (2015). Influence of MQL application on surface roughness, cutting force and tool wear for milling of Monel 400. Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng. (IJMPE), 3(5), 2320-2092.

  • Stachurski, W., & Nadolny, K. (2018). Influence of the condition of the surface layer of a hob cutter sharpened using the MQL-CCA hybrid method of coolant provision on its operational wear. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 98(5), 2185-2200.

  • Sterle, L., Mallipeddi, D., Krajnik, P., & Pušavec, F. (2020). The influence of single-channel liquid CO2 and MQL delivery on surface integrity in machining of Inconel 718. Procedia CIRP, 87, 164-169.

  • Sun, Y., Huang, B., Puleo, D. A., & Jawahir, I. S. (2015). Enhanced machinability of Ti-5553 alloy from cryogenic machining: comparison with MQL and flood-cooled machining and modeling. Procedia CIRP, 31, 477-482.

  • Tai, B. L., Stephenson, D. A., Furness, R. J., & Shih, A. J. (2014). Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in automotive powertrain machining. Procedia CIRP, 14, 523-528.

  • Thakur, D. G., Ramamoorthy, B., & Vijayaraghavan, L. (2009). Optimization of minimum quantity lubrication parameters in high speed turning of superalloy Inconel 718 for sustainable development. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 54, 224-226.

  • Venkatesan, K., Devendiran, S., Sachin, D., & Swaraj, J. (2020). Investigation of machinability characteristics and comparative analysis under different machining conditions for sustainable manufacturing. Measurement, 154, 107425.

  • Wakabayashi, T., Kuhara, J., Atsuta, T., Tsukuda, A., Sembongi, N., Shibata, J., & Suda, S. (2015). Near-dry machining of titanium alloy with MQL and hybrid mist supply. In Key Engineering Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 656, 341-346.

  • Weinert, K., Inasaki, I., Sutherland, J. W., & Wakabayashi, T. (2004). Dry machining and minimum quantity lubrication. CIRP annals, 53(2), 511-537.

  • Xu, X., Feng, B., Huang, S., Luan, Z., Niu, C., Lin, J., & Hu, X. (2019). Capillary penetration mechanism and machining characteristics of lubricant droplets in electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (EMQL) grinding. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 45, 571-578.

  • Yildirim, C. V., Kivak, T., Sarikaya, M., & Erzincanli, F. (2017). Determination of MQL parameters contributing to sustainable machining in the milling of nickel-base superalloy waspaloy. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 42, 4667-4681.

  • Yildirim, C. V., Sarıkaya, M., Kıvak, T., & Sirin, S. (2019). The effect of addition of hBN nanoparticles to nanofluid-MQL on tool wear patterns, tool life, roughness and temperature in turning of Ni-based Inconel 625. Tribology International, 134, 443-456.

  • Zaman, H. A., Sharif, S., Idris, M. H., Mohruni, A. S., Ndaruhadi, P. Y. M. W., & Wong E, C. K. (2019). High speed end milling of cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy using solid carbide tool under MQL condition. In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing LLC. 2129(1), 020178.

  • Zaman, P. B., & Dhar, N. R. (2019). Design and evaluation of an embedded double jet nozzle for MQL delivery intending machinability improvement in turning operation. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 44, 179-196.

  • Zhu, Z., He, B., & Chen, J. (2020). Evaluation of tool temperature distribution in MQL drilling of aluminum 2024-T351. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 56, 757-765.


Abstract Views: 176

PDF Views: 0




  • A Review on Minimum Quantity Lubrication for Machining of Difficult to Machine Materials

Abstract Views: 176  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

P. Vasudeva Bhat
NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, India
P. Srinivasa Pai
NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, India

Abstract


There are lots of research happening in high speed machining especially for hard materials which find its applications in vast areas like aerospace, marine, automobiles etc. The main parameters which need to be taken care of while doing high speed machining are surface roughness and tool wear. To achieve high degree of surface finish and close tolerance in the work piece materials, care should be taken to select the right type of tool and lubrication. The conventional type flood lubrication system is found to be having more cost involved and also more time and work is involved in cleaning and disposal of used lubricants, which is also an ecological hazard. For high speed machining, reducing the temperature generated is the main concern by using suitable cooling system. In this regard Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has been found to be more effective compared to other lubrication systems. This paper presents a review of research work with regard to MQL and its systems with suitable additions for machining difficult to machine materials. An overview about different lubrication system types is presented, followed by some of the commonly used MQL systems. Further the different aspects related to use of MQL in different applications is presented, followed by the use of additives in MQL like use of nano particles is reviewed, to understand its effect on the performance of MQL. MQL with nano particles is more effective in reducing tool wear and surface roughness for all types of machining processes.

Keywords


Minimum Quantity Lubrication, Surface Roughness, Tool Wear, Difficult-To-Machine Materials, Nanoparticles.

References