Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Role of Microfinance in India: A Thematic Review
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Studying the role of microfinance in facilitating the availability of credit is an important field of research. A review of the literature on microfinance highlights the growing attention of the researchers on its various aspects. Therefore, this review attempts to present a systematic summary of research in the domain of microfinance in India over the last two decades. This includes 95 published research articles on microfinance. These articles are identified through a systematic search of electronic databases by focusing on the major keywords microfinance, poverty, sustainability, and India. Seven major themes have been identified, and each theme is further grouped into sub-themes. The identified main themes include women empowerment, self-help group, financial inclusion, sustainability, Andhra Pradesh crises, status of microfinance in India, and poverty. The key findings of the articles are briefly summarised. Thus, this paper attempts to highlight the current trend and pattern of research in this field of study. It will provide direction for future research in the field of microfinance and also offer insights to policy makers on various issues pertaining to microfinance.
Keywords
Microfinance, Poverty, Sustainability and India
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Abed, F H and I Matin (2007): “Beyond Lending: How Microfinance Creates New Forms of Capital to Fight Poverty”, Innovations: Technology, Governance Globalisation, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, pp. 3-17.
- Addae-Korankye, A (2012): “Microfinance: A Tool for Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries”, Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 138-149.
- Agarwal, P K and S K Sinha (2010): “Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions of India: A Cross-sectional Study”, Delhi Business Review, Vol. 11, Vol. 2, pp. 37-46.
- Arun, T, K Imai and F Sinha (2006): Does the Microfinance Reduce Poverty in India? Propensity Score Matching based on a National-level Household Data, Economics Discussion Paper No. EDP-0625, The University of Manchester, UK, September, pp. 1-6.
- Ault, J K and A Spicer (2014): “The Institutional Context of Poverty: State Fragility as a Predictor of Cross-national Variation in Commercial Microfinance Lending”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 1818-1838. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911991522&doi=10.1002%2fsmj.2185& partnerID=40&md5=5b9df633d72ab993fa5deba3e4926a0f.
- Baland, J M, S Rohini, R and L Vandewalle (2008): “Microfinance Lifespans: A Study of Attrition and Exclusion in Self-Help Groups in India”, India Policy Forum, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 159-210.
- Banerjee, A, E Breza, E Duflo and C Kinnan (2019): Can Microfinance Unlock a Poverty Trap for Some Entrepreneurs, Working Paper 26346, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.
- Bangoura, L, M K Mbow, A Lessoua and D Diaw (2016): “Impact of Microfinance on Poverty and Inequality A Heterogeneous Panel Causality Analysis”, Revued’économie politique, Vol. 126, No. 5, pp. 789-818. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/ inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85002560793&doi=10.3917%2fredp.265.0789&partn erID=40&md5=1e19179503a2aab0cfc7ea592488f3ad.
- Bansal, A K and A Bansal (2012): “Microfinance and Poverty Reduction in India”, Integral Review-A Journal of Management, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 31-35.
- Bansal, D (2010): Impact of Microfinance on Poverty, Employment and Women Empowerment in Rural Punjab, Doctoral dissertation, Punjabi University.
- Basu, P and P Srivastava (2005): “Exploring Possibilities: Microfinance and Rural Credit Access for the Poor in India”, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 40, No. 17, pp. 1747-1755.
- Batra, V and Sumanjeet (2012): “The State of Microfinance in India: Emergence, Delivery Models and Issues”, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 69-92.
- Bhoj, S, D Bardhan and A Kumar (2013): “Determinants and Implications of Rural Women’s Participation in Microfinance Programme: An Analysis of Dairy Self-help Groups in Uttarakhand State of India”, Livestock Research for Rural Development, Vol. 25, No. 10, pp. 1-11.
- Bi, Z and S L D Pandey (2011): “Comparison of Performance of Microfinance Institutions with Commercial Banks in India”, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 110-120.
- Brook, R M, K J Hillyer and G Bhuvaneshwari (2008): “Microfinance for Community Development, Poverty Alleviation and Natural Resource Management in Peri-urban Hubli-Dharwad, India”, Environment and Urbanisation, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 149-163. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-41049089242&doi=10.11 77%2f0956247808089153&partnerID=40&md5=93c42f8c01a81398957f40dbbb15 02ba.
- Chakrabarti, R and S Ravi (2011): At the Crossroads: Microfinance in India, Money & Finance, Forthcoming, pp. 1-24.
- Chaudhry, V (2016): Living at the Edge: Disability, Gender, and Neoliberal Debtscapes of Microfinance in India, Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 177-191. Accessed from https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109915622525.
- Chowdhury, A (2009): Microfinance as a Poverty Reduction Tool – A Critical Assessment, DESA Working Paper No. 89, United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, New York.
- Christen, R P (2006): “Microfinance and Sustainability: International Experiences and Lessons for India”, Towards a Sustainable Microfinance Outreach in India - Experiences and Perspectives, NABARD, GTZ and SDC, New Delhi, pp. 43-67.
- Copestake, J (2010): Microfinance and Development Finance in India: Research Implications, Working Papers CEB 10-028, ULB – Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
- Copestake, J (2013): “Research on Microfinance in India: Combining Impact Assessment with a Broader Development Perspective”, Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 41, Suppl 1, pp. S17-S34. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2- s2.0-84880933125&doi=10.1080%2f13600818.2012.689818&partnerID=40&md5=3 5f3536c58a21838cbadb40653f4747e.
- Das, P K (2014): “Microfinance - A Tool for Socio-economic Development in Rural India”, International Journal of Emerging Research in Management & Technology, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 56-60.
- De Crombrugghe, A, M Tenikue and J Sureda (2008): “Performance Analysis for a Sample of Microfinance Institutions in India”, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 269-299.
- Deepika, M G and M D Sigi (2014): “Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation: An Alternative State-led Microfinance Model of Kudumbashree in Kerala, India”, Enterprise Development & Microfinance, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 327-340. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020940953&doi=10.3362%2f1755- 1986.2014.030&partnerID=40&md5=29ba2a459c02fcd37b06b3b47893b2b8.
- Dehem, T and M Hudon (2013): “Microfinance from the Clients’ Perspective: An Empirical Enquiry into Transaction Costs in Urban and Rural India”, Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 41, Suppl. 1, pp. S117-S132. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/ inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880958432&doi=10.1080%2f13600818.2013.78705 7&partnerID=40&md5=16a6e06c60e8d905c5790555b4aa168c.
- Devaraja, T S (2011): Microfinance in India - A Tool for Poverty Reduction, Working Paper, University of Mysore, University Grants Commission of India.
- Devi, K S, C Prabakar and T Ponnarasi (2011): “Impact of Microfinance Innovation in Pushing Back Rural Poverty in Tamil Nadu”, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 429-443. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record. uri?eid=2-s2.0-84055217591&partnerID=40&md5=4a6497327cf720995e5d61b601 9d7540.
- Donou-Adonsou, F and K Sylwester (2016): “Financial Development and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries: New Evidence from Banks and Microfinance Institutions”,Review of Development Finance, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 82-90. Accessed from https://www.scopus. com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991070123&doi=10.1016%2fj.rdf.2016.06.002 &partnerID=40&md5=b785612248a38fa3f4e47287193f4938.
- Feigenberg, B, E Field, R Pande, N Rigol and S Sarkar (2014): “Do Group Dynamics Influence Social Capital Gains among Microfinance Clients? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Urban India”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 932-949. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 84907868684&doi=10.1002%2fpam.21790&partnerID=40&md5=ecc474ea77461ca 8121409299d2100e2.
- Field, E and R Pande (2008): “Repayment Frequency and Default in Microfinance: Evidence from India”, Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol. 6, No. 2-3, pp. 501-509. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 45849147396&doi=10.1162%2fJEEA.2008.6.2-3.501&partnerID=40&md5=f0550fb2 73d81c7f3e14d86e4f4ffffd.
- Ghate, P (2008): Microfinance in India: A State of the Sector Report, 2007, Microfinance India, New Delhi.
- Ghosh, R (2005): Microfinance in India: A Critique. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/ abstract=735243 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.735243
- Gokhale, K (2009): “As Microfinance Grows in India, So Do Its Rivals”, The Wall Street Journal, New York.
- Gonzalez, A and R Rosenberg (2006): “The State of Microfinance – Outreach, Profitability and Poverty: Findings from a Database of 2300 Microfinance Institutions”, SSRN Electronic Journal.
- Guérin, I, M Roesch, S Kumar, G Venkatasubramanian and M Sangare (2009): Microfinance and the Dynamics of Financial Vulnerability: Lessons from Rural South India, Working Paper 2009-5, Rural Microfinance and Employment Project (RUME), Italy.
- Guérin, I, S Kumar and I Agier (2010): “Microfinance and Women’s Empowerment: Do Relationships between Women Matter? Lessons from Rural Southern India”, Centre Emile Bernheim Research Institute in Management Sciences, CEB Working Paper No. 10, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Belgium.
- Guha, S (2007): Impact of Competition on Microfinance Beneficiaries: Evidence from India, Asia Research Centre Working Paper 21, London School of Economics & Political Science, London.
- Holvoet, N (2005): “The Impact of Microfinance on Decision-Making Agency: Evidence from South India”, Development and Change, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 75-102. Accessed from https:// www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17744400693&doi=10.1111%2fj.0012- 155X.2005.00403.x&partnerID=40&md5=b71652544bad4a561141ad75a811deda.
- Imai, K S, R Gaiha, G Thapa and S K Annim (2012): “Microfinance and Poverty – A Macro Perspective”, World Development, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 1675-1689.
- Imai, K S and T Arun (2008): Does Microfinance Reduce Poverty in India?, Economics Discussion Paper Series EDP-0814, Economics School of Social Science, University of Manchester, UK.
- Jones M V, N Coviello and Y K Tang (2011): “International Entrepreneurship Research (1989-2009): A Domain Ontology and Thematic Analysis”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 632-659.
- Kalpana, K (2016): Women, Microfinance and the State in Neo-liberal India, Routledge India, London.
- Karmakar, K G (2008): “Microfinance Revisited”, in Microfinance in India (Ed.), pp. 33-54, SAGE Publications, New Delhi.
- Kaur, P (2014): “Outreach and Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions in India in Pre and Post Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Crisis in Context of South Asia”, Global Journal of Finance and Management, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 569-574.
- Kaur, P and S Dey (2013): “Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Crisis and its Repercussions on Microfinancing Activities in India”, Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 695-702.
- Kraus, S, M Filser, M O’Dwyer and E Shaw (2014): “Social Entrepreneurship: An Exploratory Citation Analysis”, Review of Managerial Science, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 275-292.
- Krenz, K, D J Gilbert and G Mandayam (2014): “Exploring Women’s Empowerment through ‘Credit-Plus’ Microfinance in India”, Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 310-325. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 84927702496&doi=10.1177%2f0886109913516453&partnerID=40&md5=cbbe327aa 513913164070ce290f4e97a.
- Kumar, N and R Sensarma (2017): “Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions in India: A Stochastic Distance Function Approach”, Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 151-168. Accessed from DOI: 10.1177/0972652717712372, https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026366957&doi=10.1177%2f09726527 17712372&partnerID=40&md5=c3137b26674378f8f3ef96bd1288e6f6.
- Lacalle-Calderon, M, M Perez-Trujillo and I Neira (2018): “Does Microfinance Reduce Poverty among the Poorest? A Macro Quantile Regression Approach”, The Developing Economies, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 51-65. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/ record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042278473&doi=10.1111%2fdeve.12159&partnerID=40&md 5=667bcb9c2e693904cf9283de75227e0d.
- Laha, A and P K Kuri (2014): “Measuring the Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: A Cross Country Analysis with Special Reference to India”, International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 397-408. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901068323&doi=1 0.1080%2f01900692.2013.858354&partnerID=40&md5=4f3fba0b700788e969c2e9 c9ec374075.
- Leikem, K (2012): Microfinance: A Tool for Poverty Reduction?, Senior Honors Projects, Paper 300, University of Rhode Island, US.
- Lyngdoh, B F and A P Pati (2013): “Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment in the Matrilineal Tribal Society of India: An Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Difference”, International Journal of Rural Management, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 45-69. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 84876072192&doi=10.1177%2f0973005213479207&partnerID=40&md5=f72118349 6d2ca175e3588e6b6127ba5.
- Mader, P (2013): “Explaining and Quantifying the Extractive Success of Financial Systems: Microfinance and the Financialisation of Poverty”, Economic Research, Vol. 26 (sup1), pp. 13-28. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0- 84929660734&doi=10.1080%2f1331677X.2013.11517637&partnerID=40&md5=971e c95bce96d887b62b698ee36e8bc9.
- Mader, P (2014): “Financialisation through Microfinance: Civil Society and Market-Building in India”, Asian Studies Review, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 601-619. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919624385&doi=10.1080%2f10357823. 2014.963507&partnerID=40&md5=8309cc8f8f85ca071afffc40d6f93989.
- Mago, S (2014): “Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation: An Empirical Reflection”, The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics, and Business, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 5-13.
- Mahajan, V and T Navin (2013): “Microfinance in India: Lessons from the Andhra Crisis”, Microfinance 3.0, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-12. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930586983&doi=10.1007%2f978-3- 642-41704-7_1&partnerID=40&md5=3d30703307c34e7f19fbf5101897cda1.
- Mahapatra, M S and S Dutta (2016): “Determinants of Sustainability of Microfinance Sector in India”, Journal of Rural Development, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 507-522. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046906374&partne rID=40&md5=c0d10bddeb7df15682885856785342e1.
- Manoj, P K (2010): “Prospects and Problems of Housing Microfinance in India: Evidence from ‘Bhavanashree’ Project in Kerala State”, European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 19, pp. 178-194. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953982848&partnerID=40&md5=9f3d cb5709e40f6138c4a5a4769556fb
- Masood, T and M Ahmad (2010): “Technical Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions in India – A Stochastic Frontier Approach”, Prajnan, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 159-176.
- Mirpourian, S, A Caragliu, G Di Maio, P Landoni and E Rusinà (2016): “Determinants of Loan Repayment Performance among Borrowers of Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from India”, World Development Perspectives, Vol. 1, No. C, pp. 49-52. Accessed from https:// www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988431507&doi=10.1016%2fj.wd p.2016.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=ee1133c17b31c801ace6fb206a4db06f
- Misra, A (2006): Micro Finance in India and Millennium Development Goals: Maximising Impact on Poverty, Discussion Paper for Workshop on World Bank, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
- Mula, G and S C Sarker (2013): “Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: An Economic Analysis from Eastern India”, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 8, No. 45, pp. 5673-5684.
- Nair, A (2005): Sustainability of Microfinance Self-Help Groups in India: Would Federating Help?, Policy Research Working Paper 3516, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
- Narwal, K P and M K Yadav (2014): “Impact of Characteristics on Outreach and Profitability of Microfinance Institution in India”, International Journal of Financial Management, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 50-57.
- Nilakantan, R, S C Datta, P Sinha and S K Datta (2013): “The Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: Evidence from Eastern India”, International Journal of Development and Conflict, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 27-40.
- Noreen, U, R Imran, A Zaheer and M I Saif (2011): “Impact of Microfinance on Poverty: A Case of Pakistan”, World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 877-883.
- Panda, D K (2008): “Self-help through Microfinance: A Paradigm Shift in Orissa, India”, International Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-7.
- Panda, D K (2009): “Assessing the Impact of Participation in Women Self-help Group-based Microfinance: Non-experimental Evidences from Rural Households in India”,International Journal of Rural Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 197-215. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958520885&doi=10.1177%2f0973005210 00500204&partnerID=40&md5=79b671dfb8d2c9d71fe86567b581fef9.
- Pati, A P (2012): “Regulation versus Outreach and Sustainability: A Study of the Performance of Microfinance Institutions in India”, IUP Journal of Bank Management, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 41-56.
- Pati, A P (2015): “Are Regulatory Micro Finance Institutions Better Off Than Non-Regulatory Ones? A Comparison of Performance and Sustainability”, Paradigm, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 21-36.
- Pittaway, L and J Cope (2007): “Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of the Evidence”, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 479-510.
- Podsakof, P M, S B MacKenzie, D G Bachrach and N P Podsakof (2005): “The Influence of Management Journals in the 1980s and 1990s”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 473-488.
- Pokhriyal, A K and V Ghildiyal (2011): “Progress of Microfinance and Financial Inclusion: A Critical Analysis of SHG-Bank Linkage Program in India”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 255-262.
- Priyadarshee, A and A K Ghalib (2011): The Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Crisis in India: Manifestation, Causal Analysis, and Regulatory Response, Brooks World Poverty Institute Working Paper 157, University of Manchester, UK.
- Radhakrishnan, S (2018): “Empowerment, Declined: Paradoxes of Microfinance and Gendered Subjectivity in Urban India”, Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 83-105.
- Rai, A and S Ravi (2011): “Do Spouses Make Claims? Empowerment and Microfinance in India”, World Development, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 913-921. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956070509&doi=10.1016%2fj.worldde v.2009.10.019&partnerID=40&md5=37d270c8d523c59dd5fcf96f4b873799.
- Ranjani, K S (2012): “Regulating Microfinance Institutions in India: A Conceptual Framework”, Synergy, Vol. 10, No. 1, K J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies & Research, Mumbai.
- Reddy, C S and S Manak (2005): Self-Help Groups: A Keystone of Microfinance in India – Women Empowerment & Social Security, Andhra Pradesh Mahila Abhivruddhi Society (APMAS), Hyderabad.
- Ruben, M (2007): “The Promise of Microfinance for Poverty Relief in the Developing World”, Proquest, CSA Discovery Guides.
- Sahu, G B (2015): “How Effective is a Self-Help Group Led Microfinance Programme in Empowering Women? Evidence from Rural India”, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 542-558. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/ record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958241722&doi=10.1177%2f0021909614548239&partnerID =40&md5=587fa9e18d02732dce936bccec687690
- Samanta, G (2009): “Microfinance and Women: Gender Issues of Poverty Alleviation and Empowerment”, The Microfinance Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 100-120.
- Sharma, G L and H Puri (2013): “An Empirical Testing of Relationship between Microfinance and Economic Growth in India”, Journal of Indian Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 87-94.
- Shetty, N K (2008): The Microfinance Promise in Financial Inclusion and Welfare of the Poor: Evidence from Karnataka, India, Working Papers, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
- Shetty, N K (2009): “Index of Microfinance Group Sustainability: Concepts, Issues and Empirical Evidence from Rural India”, The Microfinance Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 131- 152.
- Sinha, F (2009): State of Microfinance in India, Institute of Microfinance (InM), Project on State of Microfinance in SAARC Countries.
- Smitha, R (2018): “Empowerment, Declined: Paradoxes of Microfinance and Gendered Subjectivity in Urban India”, Signs Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 83-105.
- Srinivasan, N (2011): Microfinance India: State of the Sector Report 2011, Microfinance in India (MFI), Sage Publications, New Delhi.
- Swain, R B and F Y Wallentin (2009): “Does Microfinance Empower Women? Evidence from Self-Help Groups in India”, International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 541-556.
- Swain, R B and F Y Wallentin (2017): “The Impact of Microfinance on Factors Empowering Women: Differences in Regional and Delivery Mechanisms in India’s SHG Programme”, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 684-699. Accessed from https://doi. org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1205732.
- Swain, R B and M Floro (2012): “Assessing the Effect of Microfinance on Vulnerability and Poverty among Low Income Households”, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 605-618. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2- s2.0-84862339560&doi=10.1080%2f00220388.2011.615917&partnerID=40&md5=c c52274149e425e31d1b2c8748b423a9.
- Taylor, M (2011): “Freedom from Poverty is Not for Free: Rural Development and the Microfinance Crisis in Andhra Pradesh, India”, Journal of Agrarian Change, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 484-504. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2- s2.0-80053079616&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0366.2011.00330.x&partnerID=40&md5= 7062a92da64bdf0dde7a29e3a7c57ab8.
- Toindepi, J (2016): “Investigating a Best Practice Model of Microfinance for Poverty Alleviation: Conceptual Note”, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 346-362. Accessed from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962758000&doi=10.1108%2fIJSE-05-2014-0091&partnerID=40&md5=2b7d 052c52412f2d9e75e2a1c8c8da0d.
- Twaha, K and A Rashid (2012): “Exploring the Determinants of the Productivity of Indian Microfinance Institutions”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 83-96.
- Vaismoradi, M, H Turunen and T Bondas (2013): “Content Analysis and Thematic Analysis: Implications for Conducting a Qualitative Descriptive Study”, Nursing and Health Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 398-405.
- Vassallo, J P, J C Prabhu, S Banerjee and R Voola (2019): “The Role of Hybrid Organizations in Scaling Social Innovations in Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Markets: Insights from Microfinance in India”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 744-763.
- Yadav, R K (2014): “Significance of Microfinance Institutions in Rural Development of India”, International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, Vol. 21, pp. 84-90.
- Yerramilli, P (2013): “The Politics of the Microfinance Crisis in Andhra Pradesh, India”, Helvidius Group of Columbia University, The Journal of Politics and Society, pp. 190-225.
- Young, S (2010): “The ‘Moral Hazards’ of Microfinance: Restructuring Rural Credit in India”, Antipode, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 201-223. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74949107513&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467- 8330.2009.00737.x&partnerID=40&md5=034ba82873ad6ab9c7a0b35ed9d889a9.
- Zhang, Q (2017): “Does Microfinance Reduce Poverty? Some International Evidence”, The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 1-13. Accessed from https://www. scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029227385&doi=10.1515%2fbejm2016-0011&partnerID=40&md5=b833dafe56ca71bc6942c171bf00e289.
Abstract Views: 342
PDF Views: 0