Bioremediation:A Sustainable Tool for Environmental Management of Oily Sludge

Advances in technology and industrialization, bring with them, their unpleasant partners, pollution and degradation of the environment. The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes. Because of problem associated with pollutant treatment by conventional methods, such as chemical treatment, incineration or landfills, an alternative approach, bioremediation, or the use of organisms for the removal of contamination or pollutants has become a popular option. Bioremediation is considered as one of the safer, cleaner, cost effective and environmental friendly technology for decontaminating sites which are contaminated with wide range of pollutants. As microorganisms show wide range of mechanisms, there are still few mechanisms which are not known, therefore, bioremediation is still considered as a developing technology. Thus, there is an urgent need for us to review and modify the available options for environmental clean-up. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive review on various indigenous microorganisms extracted from contaminated soil and capable of bioremediation of hydrocarbons present in the sludge.