Studies on the Ground Water Quality of Kalol City, Gujarat, India

The present study deals with the ground water quality of Kalol, an industrial town of north Gujarat. The ground water quality was assessed by examining various physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics. The borewell water samples were collected from north, south, east, west and central zone of Kalol during summer, winter and monsoon seasons. The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters like temperature, pH, turbidity, EC, dissolved oxygen, free CO₂, total hardness, Ca and Mg hardness, TDS, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrite, total iron, fluoride and MPN of coliforms have been analysed. Total alkalinity, TDS, Ca-hardness, sulphate, total iron, fluoride, and MPN count of coliforms were above the permissible limit prescribed by IS: 10500, 1991. All the water samples, collected from Kalol town, were rated as unacceptable for their taste on the basis of their total hardness values. The borewell samples collected from south, east and central cones exhibited MPN count above the desirable limit of 10 coliforms/100 mL. The ground water of Kalol town must be subjected to proper disinfection and defluoridation and well as to the treatment for controlling total dissolved solids and total hardness.