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The Use of Fish Biomarkers for Assessing Textile Effluent Contamination of Aquatic Ecosystems:A Review
The effluent emission from textile industries has become a foremost concern in accordance with the growth of global industrial sectors. Although the textile industries have a major role in economic development, they cause quality deterioration of ecosystems. Several studies have discussed the environmental consequences of textile effluents and attempted to characterize the textile wastewaters. The main pollutants formed from the textile industry include dyes, surfactants, salts, metal complexes, biocides, hydrocarbons, resins, waxes, etc. Most of the pollutants are of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds of stable complicated structure with non-degradability. The water contaminated with textile effluents shows massive variation in water quality. The methods based on qualitative and quantitative observations of living organisms in their natural habitats were efficient in compensating deficiencies of physico-chemical analysis. Therefore, the biological approach arrived in the water quality determination such as bioindicators and biomarkers. Fish are particularly sensitive to the water contamination and, therefore, pollutants may significantly interfere with several of their biochemical processes. So the recent trend in biomarker studies focuses on the behavioural, physiological and biochemical changes of fish. In this review, the impacts of textile effluents on freshwater ecosystems and the fish biomarkers (biochemical, haematological, histological parameters) used for the assessment of these undesirable changes have been discussed.
Keywords
Biomarkers, Dyes, Organic Chemicals, Textile Effluent, Toxicity.
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