A Blind Stick Assisting Blind Person to Detect Obstacle Ahead and to Alert the User

In today's world where man has reached Mars, technology is helping them grow stronger with time. Normal persons get the most advantage but the disabled are also not left much behind. Today there are advancements for the disabled persons too. This study has dealt with making a blind stick which will assist a visually blind person to detect the possible obstacles ahead and to alert the user timely.The system consists of a micro-controller, a buzzer and four sensors, namely ultrasonic sensor, !ame sensor, water sensor and LDR. All the sensors collect value and send it to the micro-controller. The ultrasonic sensor triggers a pulse for 10 micro seconds and then reads the sound wave travel time in microseconds to the Arduino-Nano. Using this time, it calculates the distance of any obstacle if present in front. When no obstacle is found within 1.4m range, it keeps on beeping normally, but as soon the obstacle crosses the limit and the user approaches close to it, it starts beeping faster. Similarly, the "re sensor reads of "re is present ahead. When encountered it reads the reading through the IR sensor and the value is then compared to a reference value set. If found more that means it can be dangerous and thus alerts the user. Similarly, the water sensor receives value from sensor and when senses danger comparing the value alerts the user.The developed prototype was made using simple things and turns out under the cost of Rs.300/- thus making it highly affordable.