Effect of Squalene in Surgically Induced Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease on Rats

Squalene, a robust antioxidant compound, indicates the various biological effects with significant antiulcer activity. Henceforth, the present study was ventured to elucidate the effect of squalene on experimentallyinduced gastro-oesophageal reflux disease on rats. Wistar rats of either sex were divided into five groups and started treatment for one week with standard rodent pellet diet and the food was withdrawn 18-24 h before the experiment though water was allowed ad libitum. Normal saline (control), GERD, supplemented with squalene 50 mg kg^-1 (SQ50), squalene 100 mg kg^-1 (SQ100), plus omeprazole 30 mg kg^-1 (OMZ 30) as liquid was added at 1 h prior to surgery. Treatment with squalene evidenced sententious physiological protection with scrutinized for pH, acidity (total and free), and volume of gastric juices and oesophagitis index. Squalene supplementary embarked diminishing effect on oxidative stress through synchronising the lipid and protein peroxidation along with regulating the enzymatic activity of SOD and catalase. Squalene significantly increases levels of GPx, GST, protein carbonyl, alkaline phosphatase and PGE2 and decreases sialic acid level. Squalene also modified the levels of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) favourably. Squalene demonstrated inhibitory activities against COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX respectively. From the present line of evidences, it was concluded that squalene can import momentous protection against experimentally-induced gastro-oesophageal reflux disease by wrapping up the reactive oxygen species and through dual inhibition of the arachidonic acid pathways.