Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Oxidative Stress in Diabetes - A Key Therapeutic Agent


Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Oxidative stress (OS) has been repetitively shown to be a hallmark of many diseases linked with metabolic or vascular disorders. It is produced under diabetic condition and is involved in the progression of pancreatic damage in diabetes. Therefore diabetes represents an ideal candidate for studying the consequences of oxidative stress and its treatment. Diabetes constitutes a multiple source of free radicals, starting very early in the disease, oxidative stress is exposed to have a double impact; on both metabolic and vascular functions. This review describes the many different aspects of oxidative stress in diabetes and proposes possible explanations for the apparent lack of efficacy of antioxidant treatments.

Keywords

Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, Diabetes.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Halliwell B, Zhao K, Whiteman M. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. The ugly, the uglier and the not so good. Free Rad Res.1999; 31:651-69.
  • Hayden MR, Tyagi SC. Islet redox stress: the manifold toxicities of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and amylin derived islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOP. 2002; 3: 86-108.
  • Culotta VC. Superoxide dismutase, oxidative stress, and cell metabolism. Curr Topics Cell Reg. 2000; 36:117-32.
  • Sell, D.R., Lapolla, A., Odetti, P., Fogarty, J., and Monnier, V.M. Pentosidine formation in skin correlates with severity of complications in individuals with long- standing IDDM. Diabetes. 1992; 41:1286-1292.
  • Dyer, D.G., Dunn, J.A., Thorpe, S.R., Bailie, K.E., Lyons, T.J., McCance, D.R., and Baynes, J.W. Accumulation of Maillard reaction products in skin collagen in diabetes and aging. JCI.1993; 91: 2463-2469.
  • Jones, A.F., Winkles, J.W., Thornalley, P.J., Lunec, J., Jennings, P.E., and Barnett, A.H. Inhibitory effect of superoxide dismutase on fructosamine assay. Clin.Chem.1987;33: 147-149.
  • Sakurai, T, and Tsuchiya, S. Superoxide production from nonenzymatically glycated protein. FEBS Letters. 1988; 236:406-410.
  • Wolff, S.P., Jiang, Z.Y., and Hunt, J.V. Protein glycation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and ageing. Free Radical Biol.Med.1991; 10:339-352.
  • Elgawish, A., Glomb, M., Friedlander, M., and Monnier, V.M. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in collagen cross-linking by high glucose in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 1996;271: 12964-12971.
  • Schleicher, E.D., Wagner, E., and Nerlich, A.G. Increased accumulation of the glycoxidation product N(epsilon)- (carboxymethyl)lysine in human tissues in diabetes and aging. JCI.1997; 99: 457-468.
  • Sen, C.K., and Hanninen, O. Physiological antioxidants. In: Exercise and oxygen toxicity. Ed: Sen CK, Packer L and Hanninen O. Amsterdam: Elsevier.1994;89-126.
  • Meister, A. Glutathione metabolism. Methods Enzymol.1995;251:3-7.
  • Mannervik, B., and Danielson, U.H. Glutathione transferases-structure and catalytic activity. CRC. Crit. Rev. in Biochem. 1988; 23:283-337.
  • De Mattia, G., Laurenti, O., Bravi, C., Ghiselli, A., Iuliano, L., and Balsano, F. Effect of aldose reductase inhibition on glutathione redox status in erythrocyte of diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1994; 43:965-968.
  • Jain, S.K., and McVie, R.Effect of glycemic control, race (white versus black), and duration of diabetes on reduced glutathione content in erythrocytes of diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1994; 43:306-309.
  • Vijayalingam, S., Parthiban, A., and Shanmugasundaram, K.R., Mohan, V. Abnormal antioxidant status in impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine. 1996;13:715-719.
  • Sundaram, R.K., Bhaskar, A., Vijayalingam, S., Viswanathan, M., Mohan, R., and Shanmugasundaram, K.R. Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in type II diabetes mellitus with and without complications. Clinical Science.1996; 90:255-260.
  • Peuchant, E., Delmas Beauvieux, M.C., Couchouron, A., Dubourg, L., Thomas, M.J., Perromat, A., Clerc, M., and Gin, H. Short-term insulin therapy and normoglycemia. Effects on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care. 1997;20: 202-207.
  • Yoshida, K., Hirokawa, J., Tagami, S., Kawakami, Y., Urata, Y., and Kondo, T. Weakened cellular scavenging activity against oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus: regulation of glutathione synthesis and efflux. Diabetologia.1995;38:201-210.
  • Thornalley, P.J., McLellan, A.C., Lo, T.W., Benn, J., and Sonksen, P.H. Negative association between erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration and diabetic complications. Clinical Science. 1996;91:575-582.
  • Walter, R.M., Jr., Uriu Hare, J.Y., Olin, K.L., Oster, M.H., Anawalt, B.D., Critchfield, J.W., and Keen, C.L. Copper, zinc, manganese, and magnesium status and complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:1050-1056.
  • Muruganandam, A., Drouillard, C., Thibert, R.J., Cheung,n R.M., Draisey, T.F., and Mutus, B. Glutathione metabolic enzyme activities in diabetic platelets as a function of glycemic control. Thrombosis Research.1992;67:385-397.
  • Stahlberg, M.R., and Hietanen, E. Glutathione and glutathionemetabolizinng enzymes in the erythrocytes of healthy children and in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Scand. J.Clin. Lab. Invest. 1991;51:125-130.
  • Leonard, M.B., Lawton, K., Watson, I.D., Patrick, A., Walker, A., and MacFarlane, I. Cigarette smoking and free radical activity in young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 1995; 12:46-50.
  • Akkus, I., Kalak, S., Vural, H., Caglayan, O., Menekse, E., Can, G., and Durmus, B. Leukocyte lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and serum and leukocyte vitamin C levels of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Clinica Chimica Acta. 1996; 244: 221-227.
  • Tho, L.L., Candlish, J.K., and Thai, A.C. Correlates of diabetes markers with erythrocytic enzymes decomposing reactive oxygen species. Ann.Clin Biochem. 1988;25:426-431.
  • Osterode, W., Holler, C., and Ulberth, F. Nutritional antioxidants, red cell membrane fluidity and blood viscosity in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus.Diabetic Medicine. 1996; 13: 1044-1050.
  • McDermott, B.M., Flatt, P.R., and Strain, J.J. Effects of copper deficiency and experimental diabetes on tissue antioxidant enzyme levels in rats. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism.1994; 38: 263-269.
  • Tesfamariam, B. Free Radicals in Diabetic Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Free Radical Biol.Med.1994;16:383-391.
  • Ceriello, A., Mercuri, F., Quagliaro, L., Assaloni, R., Motz, E., Tonutti, L., and Taboga, C. Detection of nitrotyrosine in the diabetic plasma: evidence of oxidative stress. Diabetologia. 2001; 40: 834-838.
  • Giugliano, D., Ceriello, A., and Paolisso, G. Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications. Diabetes Care. 1996; 19: 257-267.
  • Nath, N., Chari, S.N., and Rathi, A.B. Superoxide dismutase in diabetic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Diabetes. 1984; 33: 586-589.
  • Arai, K., Iizuka, S., Tada, Y., Oikawa, K., and Taniguchi, N. Increase in the glucosylated form of erythrocyte Cu-Znsuperoxide dismutase in diabetes and close association of the nonenzymatic glucosylation with the enzyme activity. Biochim Biophys. Acta.1987; 924:292-296.
  • Kaneto, H., Fujii, J., Myint, T., Miyazawa, N., Islam, K.N., Kawasaki, Y., Suzuki, K., Nakamura, M., Tatsumi, H., Yamasaki, Y., and Taniguchi, N. Reducing sugars trigger oxidative modification and apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells by provoking oxidative stress through the glycation reaction. Biochemical Journal 1996; 320: 855-863.
  • Kawamura, N., Ookawara, T., Suzuki, K., Konishi, K., Mino, M., and Taniguchi, N. Increased glycated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase levels in erythrocytes of patients with Insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus. JCEM.1992; 74: 1352-1354.
  • Jennings, P.E., McLaren, M., Scott, N.A., Saniabadi, A.R., and Belch, J.J. The relationship of oxidative stress to thrombotic tendency in type 1 diabetic patients with retinopathy. Diabetic Medicine. 1991;8: 860-865.
  • Faure, P., Benhamou, P.Y., Perard, A., Halimi, S., and Roussel, A.M. Lipid peroxidation in insulin dependent diabetic patients with early retina degenerative lesions: effects of an oral zinc supplementation. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995; 49:282-288.
  • Yaqoob, M., McClelland, P., Patrick, A.W., Stevenson, A., Mason, H., White, M.C., and Bell, G.M. Evidence of oxidant injury and tubular damage in early diabetic nephropathy. Q. J. Med. 1994; 87:601-607.
  • Skrha, J., Hodinar, A., Kvasnicka, J., Stibor, V., Sperl, M., Stolba, P., and Hilgertova, J. Early changes of serum N-acetylbeta-glucosaminidase, tissue plasminogen activator and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in relation to retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin.Chim.Acta. 1994;229: 5-14.
  • Adachi, T., Yamada, H., Yamada, Y., Morihara,N., Yamazaki, N., Murakami, T., Futenma, A., Kato, K., and Hirano, K. Substitution of glycine for arginino-213 in extracellularsuperoxide dismutase impairs affinity for heparin and endothelial cell surface. Biochemical J. 1996; 313:235-239.
  • MacRury, S.M., Gordon, D., Wilson, R., Bradley, H., Gemmell, C.G., Paterson, J.R., Rumley, A.G., and MacCuish, A.C. A comparison of different methods of assessing free radical activity in type 2 diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic Medicine. 1993;10: 331-335.
  • Bravi, M.C., Pietrangeli, P., Laurenti, O., Basili, S., Cassone Faldetta, M., Ferri, C., and De Mattia, G. Polyol pathway activation and glutathione redox status in non- insulindependent diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1997;46: 1194-1198.
  • Obrosova, I.G., Van Huysen, C., Fathallah, L., Cao, X.C., Greene, D.A., and Stevens, M.J. An aldose reductase inhibitor reverses early diabetes-induced changes in peripheral nerve function, metabolism, and antioxidative defense. FASEB J. 2002;16:123-125.
  • Kaneto H, Fujii J, Suzuki K, et al.DNAcleavage induced by glycation of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase. Biochem J, 1994; 304:219-25.
  • McCarty MF. Insulin's stimulation of endothelial superoxide generation may reflect up-regulation of isoprenyl transferase activity that promotes rac translocation. Med Hypotheses, 2002; 58:472-5.
  • Yamagishi SI, Edelstein D,Du SL, Kaneda Y, Guzman M, Brownlee M.Leptin induces mitochondrial superoxide production and minocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells by increasing fatty acid oxidation via protein kinase A. J.Biol Chem, 2001; 276:25096-100.
  • Inoguchi T, Li P, Umeda F, et al. High glucose level and free fatty acid stimulate reactive oxygen species production through protein kinase C - dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in cultured vascular cells. Diabetes. 2000; 49:1939-45.
  • Prabhakar NR. Sleep apneas : an oxidative stress. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165: 859-60.
  • Hogg N, Kalyanaraman B. Nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1991; 1411:378-84.
  • Lenzen S, Drinkgern J, Tiedge M. Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes.1999; 48:927-32.
  • Matsuoka T, Kajimoto Y, Watada H. Glycation-dependent, reactive oxygen species- mediated suppression of the insulin gene promoter activity in HIT cells. J Clin Invest. 1997; 99:144-50.
  • Bottino R, Balamurugan AN, Bertera S, Pietropaolo M, Trucco M, Piganelli JD. Preservation of human islet cell functional mass by antioxidative action of a novel SOD mimic compound. Diabetes.2002; 51: 2561-7.
  • Sakubara H, Mizukami H, Yagihashi N, Wada R, Hanyu C, Yagihashi S. Reduced beta-cell mass and expression of oxidative stressrelated DNA damage in the islet of Japanese type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2002; 45:85-96.
  • Rudich A, Tirosh A, Potashnik R, Hemi R, Kanety H, Bashan N. Prolonged oxidative stress impairs insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes. 1998; 47:1652-69.
  • Lin KT, Xue JY,Nomen M, Spur B, Wong PY. Peroxynitriteinduced apoptosis in HL-69 cells. J Biol Chem, 1995; 270:16487-90.
  • Renaudin C, Michoud E, Rapin JR, LagardeM, Wiernsperger N. Hyperglycaemia modifies the reaction of micro vessels to insulin in rat skeletal muscle. Diabetologia. 1998; 41:26-33.
  • Shinozaki K, Kashiwagi A, Nishio Y, et al. Abnormal biopterin metabolism is a major cause of impaired endotheliumdependent relaxation through nitric oxide/O2- imbalance in insulin-resistant rat aorta. Diabetes.1999; 48:2437-45.
  • Cheng JJ, Chao YJ, Wung BS,Wang DL. Cyclic strain-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) release from endothelial cells involves reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Com. 1996; 225:100-5.
  • Root-Bernstein R, Busik JV,Henry DN. Are diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy caused by hyperglycemic exclusion of dehydroascorbate uptake by glucose transporters? J Theor Biol. 2002; 216: 345-59.
  • Spitaler MM, Graier WF. Vascular targets of redox signalling in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2002; 45: 476-94.
  • Sharpe PC. Liu WH, Yue KKM, et al. Glucose-induced oxidative stress in vascular contractile cells. Comparison of aortic smooth muscle cells and retinal pericytes. Diabetes. 1998; 47:801-9.
  • Paget C, Lecomte M, Ruggiero D, Wiernsperger N, LagardeM. Modification of enzymatic antioxidants in retinal microvascular cells by glucose or advanced glycation end products. Free Radic Biol Med.1998; 25: 121-9.
  • Uemura S, Matsushita H, Li W, Glassford AJ, Asagami T, Lee KH. Diabetes mellitus enhances vascular matrix metalloproteinase activity: role of oxidative stress. Circ Res. 2001; 88:1291-8.
  • Moini H, Packer L, Saris NE. Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002; 182:84-90.
  • Cseko CS, Bagi ZS, Koller A. Modulation of arteriolar myogenic tone by reactive oxygen species. J Vasc Res. 2002;39: S1:2.
  • Azzi A, Ricciarelli R, Zingg JM. Non-antioxidantmolecularfunctions of α-tocopherol (vitamin E). FEBS Letters. 2002; 519: 8-10.
  • Darko D, Dorhnhorst A, Kelly FJ, Ritter JM, Chowienczyk PJ. Lack of effect of oral vitamin C on blood pressure, oxidative stress and endothelial function in type II diabetes. Clin Sci, 2002;103: 339-44.
  • Gutteridge JMC, Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants in the year 2000. AnnNYAcad Sci,.2000; 899:136-47.
  • Wiernsperger NF .Oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in diabetes: revisiting the controversy. Diabetes Metab. 2003; 29: 579-85.
  • Mustafa Atalay and David E. Laaksonen. Diabetes, Oxidative Stress and Physical Exercise. JSSM.2002; 1:1-14.

Abstract Views: 322

PDF Views: 2




  • Oxidative Stress in Diabetes - A Key Therapeutic Agent

Abstract Views: 322  |  PDF Views: 2

Authors

R. Vadivelan
Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, India
S. P. Dhanabal
Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, India
Raja Rajeswari
Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, India
A. Shanish
Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, India
K. Elango
Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, India
B. Sathish
Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus of JSS University, Mysore) Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, India

Abstract


Oxidative stress (OS) has been repetitively shown to be a hallmark of many diseases linked with metabolic or vascular disorders. It is produced under diabetic condition and is involved in the progression of pancreatic damage in diabetes. Therefore diabetes represents an ideal candidate for studying the consequences of oxidative stress and its treatment. Diabetes constitutes a multiple source of free radicals, starting very early in the disease, oxidative stress is exposed to have a double impact; on both metabolic and vascular functions. This review describes the many different aspects of oxidative stress in diabetes and proposes possible explanations for the apparent lack of efficacy of antioxidant treatments.

Keywords


Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, Diabetes.

References