Burn Wound:An Update Focusing the Classification, Immune Responses and Management Resources Aid in Healing

Burns are one of the most familiar and distressing forms of trauma which results from excess exposure to heat, caustic chemicals, solar, lumpectomy/mastectomy, or radiation. Burn wound development remains an amazing challenge for burn diagnosis and therapy. Patients with serious thermal injury require immediate specialized care in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Significant thermal injuries induce a state of immunosuppression that predisposes burn patients to complications due to bacterial colonisation and invasive bacterial infection. The review sheds spotlight on the current outline of classifications of burn wound infections, immunological responses of burns, treatment strategies. Early excision of the eschar has substantially decreased the incidence of invasive burn wound infection and secondary sepsis, but most deaths in severely burn-injured patients are still due to burn wound sepsis or complications due to inhalation injury. Burn patients are also at risk for developing sepsis secondary to pneumonia, catheter-related infections, and suppurative thrombophlebitis. The introduction of silver-impregnated devices (e.g., central lines and Foley urinary catheters) may reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections due to prolonged placement of these devices. Moreover bioresources from plant and animal has served as an existing therapy in healing of wounds and in restoration of skin's integrity. Improved outcomes for severely burned patients have been accredited to medical advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary and burn wound care, and infection control parameters in the aid of such harrowing condition.