Research Journal of Science and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Development and Validation of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Some Preservatives in Personal Care, Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Formulations


Affiliations
1 Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot No 2, Sector 36 A, Dakshin Marg, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Chandigarh -160036, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The present work describes a method for simultaneous determination of four p-hydroxy benzoates (parabens) preservatives in cosmetics, personal care and pharmaceuticals formulations. The method blends liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry in electron impact ionization positive mode. The various influencing parameters were optimized and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on BP-5 capillary column with short run time of 8.13 minutes. Linearity of the method was excellent for all analytes with regression coefficient values (R2) > 0.993. The method was successfully applied to commercially available formulations. The developed method can be used in routine every day analysis by testing and quality control laboratories.

Keywords

Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, Parabens, GC-MS, Preservatives.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Hossaini A, Larsen JJ and Larsen JC. Lack of oestrogenic effects of food preservatives (parabens) in uterotrophic assays. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2000; 38 (4): 319-323.

  • Soni MG, Carabin IG and Burdock GA. Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2005; 43(7): 985–1015.

  • Kumar S et al. Development and validation of a single RP-HPLC assay method for analysis of bulk raw material batches of four parabens that are widely used as preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Journal of Chromatographic Science. 2011; 49(5): 405-411.

  • Routledge JE et al. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1998; 153(1): 12–19.

  • Byford JR et al. Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2002; 80(1): 49–60.

  • Darbre PD et al. Oestrogenic activity of isobutylparaben in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2002; 22(4): 219–226.

  • Oishi S. Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2002; 40(12): 1807-1813.

  • Darbre PD et al. Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2004; 24 (1): 5–13.

  • Howlett JF. The regulation of preservatives in the European community, Food Additives & Contaminants. 1992; 9(5): 607-614

  • Saad B. et al. Simultaneous determination of preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben) in foodstuffs using HPLC. Journal of Chromatography A. 2005; 1073(1-2): 393-397.

  • Alvarez MD, Turiel E and Esteban AM. Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction of parabens from environmental waters, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2013; 93(7): 727-738.

  • Wu T. et al. Simultaneous determination of 21 preservatives in cosmetics by ultra performance liquid chromatography, International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2008; 30(5): 367-372.

  • Wang PG and Zhou W. Rapid determination of parabens in personal care products by stable isotope GC-MS/MS with dynamic selected reaction monitoring. Journal of Separation Science 2013; 36(11): 1781-1787.

  • Benijts T. et al. Sonic spray ionization applied to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in environmental water samples. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2003; 17(16): 1866-1872.

  • Frederiksen F, Jorgensen N and Anderson AM. Parabens in urine and seminal plasma from healthy Danish men determined by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 2011; 21(3): 262-271.

  • Shanmugam G. et al. GC–MS method for the determination of paraben preservatives in the human breast cancerous tissue. Microchemical Journal. 96 (2); 2010: 391–396.

  • Uysal UD, and Guray T. Determination of parabens in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products by capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2008; 63(10): 982-986.

  • Bajaj A and John C. Simultaneous determination of p-hydroxybenzoate preservatives in pharmaceuticals and personal care formulations. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry. 2015; 8(6): 394-398.

  • Tomankova H and Pinkasova M. Determination of parabens and their degradation product p-hydroxy benzoic acid in pharmaceutical dosage forms by HPTLC densitometry. Analytical Letters. 1990; 23(7): 1319-1332.

  • Tzanavaras PD. et al. Isocratic liquid chromatographic determination of three paraben preservatives in hygiene wipes using a reversed phase core-shell narrow-bore column. Central European Journal of Chemistry. 2012; 10(5): 1459-1463.

  • Fei T. et al. Determination of parabens in cosmetic products by solid-phase microextraction of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate thin film on fibers and ultra high-speed liquid chromatography with diode array detector, Journal of Separation Science. 2011; 34(13): 1599-1606.

  • Martins I, et al. Determination of parabens in shampoo using high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection on a boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta. 2011; 85(1): 1-7.

  • Nunez L, et al. Determination of parabens in environmental solid samples by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2008; 1214 (1-2): 178-182.

  • Huang JQ, Hu CC and Chiu TC. Determination of seven preservatives in cosmetic products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2013; 35 (4): 346–353

  • Farajzadeh MA, Djozan Dj and Bakhtiyari RF. Use of a capillary tube for collecting an extraction solvent lighter than water after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and its application in the determination of parabens in different samples by gas chromatography-Flame ionization detection. Talanta. 2010; 81(4-5): 1360-1367.

  • Regueiro J. et al. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction of phenolic preservatives in water. Talanta. 2009; 79(5): 1387-1397.

  • Yang TJ. et al. Determination of additives in cosmetics by supercritical fluid extraction on-line headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2010; 668(2): 188-194.

  • Shen HY. et al. Simultaneous determination of seven phthalates and four parabens in cosmetic products using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS methods, Journal of Separation Science. 2007; 30(1): 48-54.

  • Gonzalez-Marino I. et al. Fully automated determination of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan in wastewater by microextraction by packed sorbents and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica. Acta. 2011; 684(1-2): 59-66.

  • Wang PG and Zhou W. Rapid determination of parabens in personal care products by stable isotope GC-MS/MS with dynamic selected reaction monitoring. Journal of Separation Science. 2013; 36(11): 1781-1787.

  • Gonzaleza JAO. et al. New developments in the extraction and determination of parabens in cosmetics and environmental samples. A review. Analytica Chimica Acta. 858; 2015:1-15.


Abstract Views: 279

PDF Views: 0




  • Development and Validation of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Some Preservatives in Personal Care, Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Formulations

Abstract Views: 279  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Atul Bajaj
Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot No 2, Sector 36 A, Dakshin Marg, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Chandigarh -160036, India
Cijo John
Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot No 2, Sector 36 A, Dakshin Marg, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Chandigarh -160036, India
Joydip Choudhury
Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot No 2, Sector 36 A, Dakshin Marg, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Chandigarh -160036, India
Rohitashva Mani Tripathi
Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Plot No 2, Sector 36 A, Dakshin Marg, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Chandigarh -160036, India

Abstract


The present work describes a method for simultaneous determination of four p-hydroxy benzoates (parabens) preservatives in cosmetics, personal care and pharmaceuticals formulations. The method blends liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry in electron impact ionization positive mode. The various influencing parameters were optimized and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on BP-5 capillary column with short run time of 8.13 minutes. Linearity of the method was excellent for all analytes with regression coefficient values (R2) > 0.993. The method was successfully applied to commercially available formulations. The developed method can be used in routine every day analysis by testing and quality control laboratories.

Keywords


Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, Parabens, GC-MS, Preservatives.

References