Stigma and Discrimination Experienced by People Living with HIV/AIDS at Health Care Facilities in Karachi, Pakistan

Stigma and discrimination have always accompanied the HIV/AIDS epidemic, resulting in prejudice against those living with HIV/AIDS, as well as the groups that are considered 'high- risk'. Healthcare settings are the most significant context for stigma and discrimination as it greatly hampers HIV/AIDS testing, treatment and prevention. This study was done to assess the nature and prevalence of discriminatory practices and attitudes towards People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in the health sector in Karachi, Pakistan.

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Trained interviewers used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 102 HIV-positive adults to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV testing, reactions upon receiving a positive test result, and their experiences accessing the healthcare services The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.

Majority (67%) of the participants were aged between 21 and 40 years. More than one-third (35%) were illiterate and 65% reported a household income between Rs1000 and Rs5000 per month (USD12 and USD54).

Average time since diagnosis was 2 years. 42% of the participants were tested without their knowledge. Post-test counseling was provided to 75% individuals.

35% participants reported discrimination at the hands of the healthcare providers. This included rudeness, blaming and denial of treatment.

This study reveals the existence of stigma and discrimination at health care facilities against PLHA in Karachi. In addition to HIV/AIDS related education and training, the healthcare providers also need to be targeted in HIV/AIDS intervention programs.