Seismic Retrofitting of Concrete Structures

According to the latest seismic zone map of India, about 59 percent of India’s land area is vulnerable to moderate or severe seismic hazard, i.e., prone to shaking of MSK intensity VII and above. In the recent past, most Indian cities have witnessed an excessive rise in multi-storied buildings, super malls, luxury apartments and social infrastructure largely owing to development.  The rapid expansion of the built environment in moderate or high-risk cities makes it imperative to incorporate seismic risk reduction strategies in various aspects of urban planning and construction of new structures.  During the period 1990 to 2006, India has experienced 6 major earthquakes that have resulted in over 23,000 deaths and caused colossal damage to property, assets, and infrastructure.