Entrepreneurship and After Life : How Does the Job Market Respond to Entrepreneurs Seeking Opportunities After the Death of Their Ventures?
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Purpose : The paper aims to explore corporate response to job seekers having entrepreneurial experience. 9 out of 10 entrepreneurial ventures fail within five years of their ignition in India. This pushes many entrepreneurs to switch their roles from job providers to job seekers. When entrepreneurs shut their shops and join job market as job seekers they possibly have to face some unique challenges or opportunities on account of their entrepreneurial experience. Corporate may respond to them in different ways and treat their entrepreneurial experience, mindset and skill set with some incredulity. This research paper aims to improve our understanding of how does job market respond to former entrepreneurs seeking job opportunities? Also what could be potential sources of unique challenges faced during this pursuit of a job?
Major Findings : There are inconsistencies in the way candidates with entrepreneurial experience are treated by the job market across Tier I, II and III cities. Candidates with entrepreneurial experience are more welcomed at the top level of the organizational pyramid if they have experience of significant number of years. Some degree of prior corporate work experience in addition to the entrepreneurial experience is more preferred by corporates. Freelance economy also provides an opportunity for former entrepreneurs to provide their skills to employers.
Practical Implications : This paper recommends five Action Points to the stakeholders of entrepreneurial ecosystem including incubation centers, educational institutions, corporates and startup mentors to ensure effective support system for safer landing (or crashing) of entrepreneurs after the death of their ventures.
Social implications : This paper has the potential to ignite interaction and integration among various stakeholders of entrepreneurial ecosystem to ensure smoother transition of a former startup founder from being a job provider to a job seeker.
Originality/value : The use of qualitative research methodology for the aforementioned purpose is not very widely discussed and researched especially in the context of Indian startup ecosystem.
Keywords
Entrepreneurial Experience, Job Market, Startup Failure, Qualitative Method.
Paper Submission Date : June 24, 2021 ; Paper Sent Back for Revision : October 18, 2021 ; Paper Acceptance Date : October 28, 2021.
- Acs, Z., & Storey, D. (2004). Introduction: Entrepreneurship and economic development. Regional Studies, 38(8), 871–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280901
- Bird, B., & Schjoedt, L. (2009). Entrepreneurial behavior: Its nature, scope, recent research, and agenda for future research. In: Carsrud A. & Brännback M. (eds.) Understanding the entrepreneurial mind. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, vol. 24, pp. 327-358. NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0443-0_15
- Block, F. (2008). Swimming against the current: The rise of a hidden developmental state in the United States. Politics and Society, 36(2), 169–206, https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329208318731
- Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
- Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (2010). The five-factor model, five-factor theory, and interpersonal psychology. In Handbook of interpersonal psychology (eds L.M. Horowitz and S. Strack)., pp. 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118001868.ch6
- Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade. (2020). Annual Report 2019-20. https://dpiit.gov.in/anual-report/annual-report-2019-20.
- Dunne, T., Roberts, M. J., & Samuelson, L. (1988). Patterns of firm entry and exit in U.S. manufacturing industries. RAND Journal of Economics, 19(4), 495–515. https://doi.org/10.2307/2555454
- Feld, B. (2012). Startup communities: Building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. NJ: Wiley.
- Fernando, J. (2021). Death Valley Curve. Retrieved September 8, 2020 from https://investopedia.com/terms/d/death-valley-curve.asp
- Fiske, D. W. (1949). Consistency of the factorial structures of personality ratings from different sour sources. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 44(3), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057198
- Gallagher, C. C., & Stewart, H. (1986). Jobs and the business life-cycle in the UK. Applied Economics, 18(8), 875–900. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036848600000048
- Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159–170. https://motamem.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Hackman-Oldham-1975-Development-of-the-JDS.pdf
- He, V. F., Sirén, C., Singh, S., Solomon, G., & von Krogh, G. (2018). Keep calm and carry on: Emotion regulation in entrepreneurs’ learning from failure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(4), 605–630. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1042258718783428
- Herbert, R. F., and Link, A.N. (1989). The entrepreneur: Mainstream views and radical critiques (2nd ed.). NY: Praeger.
- IBM Institute for Business Value. (2018). Entrepreneurial India - How startups redefine India’s economic growth. https://d1iydh3qrygeij.cloudfront.net/Media/Default/New%20release%20images%20and%20reports/Entrepreneurial%20India%20IBV%20mid%202016.pdf
- Inc42. (2018). The state of the Indian startup ecosystem 2018 report. Retrieved from https://inc42. com/startup-reports/the-state-of-the-indian-startup-ecosystem-2018-report
- Isenberg, D. (2011). Entrepreneurs and the cult of failure. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2011/04/column-entrepreneurs-and-the-cult-of-failure
- Jenner, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship and youth unemployment. In T. Osburg and R. Schmidpeter (Eds., pp. 217–227). Social Innovation CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance. Berlin, Heidelberg; Springer.
- Kerr, S. P., Kerr, W. R. & Xu, T. (2017). Personality traits of entrepreneurs: A review of recent literature. [Working Paper 24097]. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24097
- Kickul, J., Gundry, L. K., Barbosa, S. D., & Simms, S. (2010). One style does not fit all: The role of cognitive style in entrepreneurship education. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 9(1), 36–57.
- Kim-Soon, N. G., Ahmad, A. R., & Ibrahim, N. N. (2016). Theory of planned behavior: Undergraduates’ entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship career intention at a public university. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Research and Practice, vol. 2016, 1–14. https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JERP/2016/792385/792385.pdf
- Levine, R., & Rubinstein, Y. (2017). Smart and illicit: Who becomes an entrepreneur and do they earn more? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(2), 963–1018. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw044
- Malecki, E. J. (2011). Connecting local entrepreneurial ecosystems to global innovation networks: Open innovation, double networks and knowledge integration. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 14(1), 36–59. http://www.inderscience.com/offer.php?id=40821
- NASSCOM. (2019). Indian tech start-up ecosystem Edition 2019: Leading tech in the 20s approaching escape velocity. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2019- approaching-escape-velocity
- Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574–583. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0040291
- Palkar, A., & Hari, K. S. (2021). Critical Success factors for startups: A study on Mumbai-Pune region, Maharashtra, India. AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, 4(2-3), 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/amcije%2F2021%2Fv4i2-3%2F164698
- Pedace, R. (2010). Firm size-wage premiums: Using employer data to unravel the mystery. Journal of Economic Issues, 44(1), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624440108
- Ramkumar, G. (2018). A study on perception of youngsters towards entrepreneurship. AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/amcije%2F2018%2Fv1i2%2F127846
- Rodrik, D. (2008). Industry policy for the twenty-first century (Working Paper 4767). Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School (HKS); Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR).
- Schultz, T. W. (1975). The value of the ability to deal with disequilibria. Journal of Economic Literature, 13(3), 827–846. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2722032
- Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496199
- Simon, H. A. (1996). The architecture of complexity: Hierarchic systems. In The Sciences of the Artificial, (pp.183–216). MIT Press.
- Stam, E. (2013). Entrepreneurial_Ecosystem. NL: Miracle and paradox. Presentation to OECD LEED Programme Workshop on entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth-oriented entrepreneurship, The Hague.
- Stephan, U., & Roesler, U. (2010). Health of entrepreneurs versus employees in a national representative sample. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 717–738, 2010. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1348/096317909X472067
- Sternberg, R. J. (1999). The theory of successful intelligence. Review of General Psychology, 3(4), 292–316. https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.3.4.292
- Storey, D. J., & Tether, B. S. (1998). New technology-based firms in the European Union: An introduction. Research Policy, 26(9), 933–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00052-8
- Sweeney, G. P. (1987). Innovation, entrepreneurs and regional development. Prometheus, 5(2), 453–455. London: Frances Pinter. https://doi.org/10.1080/08109028708629464
- Warwick, K. (2013). Beyond industrial policy: Emerging issues and new trends. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers. France: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/beyond-industrial-policy_5k4869clw0xp-en
- Zimmerer, T. W., & Scarborough, N. M. (1998). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
- Zwan, van der P., Thurik, R., Verheul, I., & Hessels, H. (2016). Factors influencing the entrepreneurial engagement of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs. Eurasian Business Review, 6, 273–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-016-0065-1
Abstract Views: 162
PDF Views: 0