Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Why Capital Structure Matters : Evidence from the Banking Sector in Luxembourg
Subscribe/Renew Journal
The study explores the main determinants of capital structure in the banking sector in Luxembourg and examines the relationship between them. The hypothesis tested is whether the ratio of total liabilities to total assets, which denotes the capital structure of the bank, depends on its asset structure, size, profitability, and growth rate that we call as its determinants. The research methodology is based on panel data analysis that takes into account both the time series and cross-sectional data. Then regression analysis is carried out on the collected data of the banking sector in Luxembourg. Descriptive statistics is also carried out on the sample. The paper includes 50 banks operating in Luxembourg and data is collected for a period of 7 years (2009-2015). The statistical evidence from Luxembourg showed that profitability, tax, growth, bank’s size, and asset structure are very important variables influencing bank’s capital structure. However, there was no supporting evidence regarding the effect of risk on the leverage of banks in Luxembourg.
Keywords
Capital Structure, Luxembourg, Profitability, Bank, Debt Ratio, Panel Data.
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Abor, J., & Biekpe, N. (2007). Corporate governance, ownership structure and performance of SMEs in Ghana: Implications for financing opportunities. Corporate Governance, 7(3), 288-300.
- Allen, F., Bhattacharya, S., & Schoar, A. (2008). The contributions of Stewart Myers to the theory and practice of corporate finance. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 20(4), 8-19.
- Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
- Ashton, D. (1991). Corporate financial policy: American analytics and UK taxation. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 18, 465-482.
- Auerbach, A. (1985). Real determinants of corporate leverage. In B. M. Freidman (Ed.), Corporate Capital Structure in US (pp. 301-324). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Bevan, A., & Danbolt, J. (2004). Testing for inconsistencies in the estimation of UK capital structure determinants. Applied Financial Economics, 14(1), 55-66.
- Booth, L., Aivazian, V., Demirguc-Kunt, V., & Maksimovic. (2001). Capital structures in developing countries. Journal of Finance, 56(1), 87-130.
- Cassar, G., & Holmes, S. (2003). Capital structure and financing of SMEs: Australian evidence. Accounting and Finance, 43(2), 123-147.
- Chittenden, F., Hall, G., & Hutchinson, P. (1996). Small firm growth, access to interest on corporate capital structure. Journal of Finance, 43, 271-281.
- De Jong, A., Verbeek, M., & Verwijmeren, P. (2010). The impact of financing surpluses and large financing deficits on tests of the pecking order theory. Financial Management, 39(2), 733-756.
- DeAngelo, H., & Masulis, W. (1980). Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation. Journal of Financial Economics, 8(1), 3-29.
- Drobetz, W., & Wanzenried, G. (2006). What determines the speed of adjustment to the target capital structure? Applied Financial Economics, 13(7), 941-958.
- Easterbrook, F. (1984). Two-agency cost explanations of dividends. American Economic Review, 74(4), 650-659.
- Elsas, R., & Florysiak, D. (2008). Empirical capital structure research: New ideas, recent evidence, and methodological issues. Munich School of Mgmt. Discussion Papers in Business Admin 2008-10.
- Fama, E., & French, K. (2005). Financing decisions: Who issues stock? Journal of Financial Economics, 76(3), 549-582.
- Frank, M. Z., & Goyal, V. K. (2003). Testing the pecking order theory of capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 67(2), 217-248.
- French, K., & Fama, E. (2002). Testing tradeoff and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt. The Review of Financial Studies, 15(1), 1-33. Oxford Univ. Press for Society for Fin Studies.
- Gaud, P., Jani, E., Hoesli, M., & Bender, A. (2005). The capital structure of Swiss companies: An empirical analysis using dynamic panel data. European Financial Management, 11(1), 51-69.
- Getzmann, A., Lang, S., & Spremann, K. (2010). Determinants of the target capital structure and adjustment speed-evidence from Asian capital markets. European Financial Management. Paper Presented at the European Financial Management Symposium.
- Graham, J. (1996). Debt and the marginal tax rate. Journal of Financial Economics, 41(1), 41-73.
- Harris, M., & Raviv, A. (1991). The theory of capital structure. The Journal of Finance, 46(1), 297-355.
- Jensen, M. (1986). Agency cost of free cash flows, corporate finance and takeovers. American Economic Review, 76(2), 323-339.
- Jordan, J. L., & Taylor, P. (1998). Strategy and financial policy in UK small firms. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 25(1), 1-27.
- KPMG. (2012). Luxembourg Banks Insights 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2013, from www.kpmg.com/LU/en/IssuesAndInsights/Articlespublications/Documents/2012-Luxembourg-Banks- Insight.pdf
- Kremp, E., Stöss, E., & Gerdesmeier, D. (2001). Estimation of a debt function: Evidence from French and German firm panel data, corporate finance in Germany and France, joint research project of Deutsche Bundesbank and Banque de France (pp. 140-194). Frankfurt am Main: Deutsche Bundesbank and Paris: Banque de France.
- Leary, M., & Roberts, M. (2010). The pecking order, debt capacity, and information asymmetry. Journal of Financial Economics, 95(3), 332-355.
- MacKie-Mason, J. (1990). Do taxes affect corporate financing decisions? The Journal of Finance, 45(5), 1471-93.
- Michaelas, N., Chittenden, F., & Poutziousris, P. (1999). Financial policy and capital structure choice in UK SMEs: Empirical evidence from company panel data. Small Business Economics, 12(2), 113-130.
- Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. (1963). Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: A correction. American Economic Review, 53(3), 433-443.
- Modigliani, F., & Miller, M. (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. American Economic Review, 48(3), 261-297.
- Myers, S. (1977). The determinants of corporate borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), 145-175.
- Myers, S. (1983). The capital structure puzzle. Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575-592.
- Myers, S. (2001). Capital structure. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(2), 81-102.
- Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. (1984). Corporate financing and investment decisions when firm have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187-221.
- Ooi, J. (1999). The determinants of capital structure: Evidence on UK property companies. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 17(5), 464-480.
- Rajan, G., & Zingales, L. (1995). What do we know about capital structure? Some evidence from international data. Journal of Finance, 50(5), 1421-1460.
- Remmers, L., Stonehill, A., & Wright, R. (1974). Beekhuisen industry size as debt ratio determinants in manufacturing internationally. Financial Management, 3(2), 24-32.
- Seifert, B., & Gonenc, H. (2008). The international evidence on the pecking order hypothesis. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 18(3), 244-260.
- Serrasqueiro, Z., & Nunes, P. (2008). Determinants of capital structure: Comparison of empirical evidence from the use of different estimators. International Journal of Applied Economics, 5(1), 14-29.
- Shyam-Sunder, L., & Myers, S. C. (1999). Testing static trade-off against pecking order models of capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 51, 219-244.
- Titman, S., & Wessels, R. (1998). The determinants of capital structure choice. Journal of Finance, 43(1), 1-19.
Abstract Views: 191
PDF Views: 0