Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effect of Glycowithanolides on Fucose Content in Salivary Glands of Aged Mice


Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, Shivaji University Kolhapur -416004 (MS), India
2 Department of Biotechnology, Kolhapur Institute of Technology, Kolhapur- 416234 (MS), India
 

Glycowithanolides (WSG) is the extract of Withania somnifera leaves was tested to find its effect on fucose content in salivary glands of D-galactose(Dg) stressed adult and old male mice (Mus musculus). Adult and old male mice were divided in to protective group and curative group. Both the groups were further divided into four batches viz. 1st is the control batch received 0.5 ml 0.9 % saline per day for 20 and 40 days for protective and curative group respectively. Mice from 2nd, 3rd and 4th batches of protective group received 0.5 ml D-galactose (Dg), Dg+ centrophenoxine(CPH) and D-galactose (Dg) + (WSG) respectively for 20 days. Mice from 2nd, 3rd and 4th batches of curative group received 0.5 ml D-galactose (Dg) for 20 days then followed by 0.5ml saline, centrophenoxine and WSG for further 20 days respectively. Fucose content (μg/mg proteins) in salivary glands was estimated. In D-galactose stressed adult and old mice it was decreased significantly, but restored by the treatment of WSG and centrophenoxine. The restoration was not exactly up to the normal level but was near to the normal level in adult. In D-galactose stressed old mice there was restoration in fucose content but it was not like that of adult. Restoration was significantly higher in WSG treatment. Thus WSG can be used as a powerful natural antistresser.

Keywords

Antioxidants, D-galactose, Fucose, Glycowithanolides, Salivary Glands
User
Notifications

  • Ashour M (1998) Long term effects of melatonin on submandibular salivary glands in old rats. East Medit. Health J. 4(2), 324-331
  • Azevedo L, Damante J, et al. (2005) Age related changes in human sublingual glands: a post mortem study. Arch. oral Biol. 50, 565-574
  • Baum B, Kuatt B et al. (1983) Protein production and processing in young adult and aged rat submandibular gland cells. InVivo. Mech. Aging Dev. 23(2), 123-136
  • Baum B, Ship J et al. (1992) Salivary gland function and aging a model for studying the interaction of aging and systemic diseases. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 4, 53-64
  • Becker D and Lowe J (2003) Fucose: biosynthesis and biological functions in mammals. Glycobiology 13(7), 41R-53R
  • Bhatnagar M, Jain C, et al. (2005) Antiulcer and antioxidant activity of Asparagus racemosus WILLD and Withania somnifera DUNAL in rats. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 1056, 261-278
  • Bhattacharya S, Kalkunte S, et al. (1997) Antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from Withania Somnifera. Indian J. Expt. Biol. 35, 236-239
  • Bodare R and Pillai M (2007) Effect of salivary secretion on testis and associated organs in male mice. J. Comparative animal physiol. 25(2), 19-26
  • Bogart BI (1970) The effect of aging on the rat submandibular gland: An ultra structural Cytochemical and Biochemical study. J. Morph. 130, 337-352
  • Brian L, Kuyatt S, et al. (1981) Characteristics of submandibular glands from young and aged rats. J. Dental Res. 60(5), 936-941
  • de-Almeida P, Gregio A, Machado M et al. (2008) Saliva composition and functions. A Comprehensive Review. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 9(3),72-80
  • Denny P, Klauser D et al. (1991b) The effect of aging on mucin contents in mouse submandibular glands. Arch. Oral Biol. 36(7), 477-481
  • Denny P, Denny P, et al. (1991a) Age related changes in mucins from human whole saliva. J. Dent. Res. 70, 1320-1327
  • Deshmukh A, Gajare K, et al. (2006) D-galactose induced ageing in short duration: A quick model of accelerated ageing in mice. J. Cell & Tissue Res. 6(2), 753-756
  • Dische Z and Shettles (1948) Specific colour reaction of methyl pentose and a specific spectrometric micro method for their determination. J. Biol. Chem. 175, 595-603
  • Flogel M and Lauc G (1998) Fucoxylation and galactosylation of IgG heavy chains differ between acute and remission phases of juvenile choronic arthritis. Clin. Chem. Lab Med. 36, 99-102
  • Gornik I, Maravic G et al., (1999) Fucosylation of IgG heavy chains is increased in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Biochem. 32, 605-608
  • Gresik EW (2005) Changes with senescence in the fine structure of the granular convoluted tubule of the submandibular gland of the mouse. American J. Anatomy 184(2),147-156
  • Gupta S and Dua A et al. (2003) Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) attenuates antioxidant defense in aged spinal cord and inhibits copper induced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative modifications. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. 19(3), 211- 222
  • Halliwell B and Gutteridge J (1997) Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Harikrishnan B, Subramanian P et al. (2008) Effect of Withania somnifera ischolar_main powder on the levels of circulatory lipid peroxidation and liver marker enzymes in chronic hypermmonemia. E. J. Chem. 5(4), 872-877
  • Kim S and Allen E (1993) Structural and functional changes in salivary glands during aging. Microscopy Res. Technique. 28(3), 243-253
  • Kim Y and Varki A (1997) Perspectives on significance of altered glycosylation of glycoproteins in cancer. Glycoconj. J. 14, 569-576
  • Kuatt B and Baum B (1981) Characteristic of submandibular glands from young and aged rats. J. Dent. Res. 60(5), 936-941
  • Kumar A and Kulkarni S (2006) Effect of BR-16A (Mentat) a polyherbal formulation on drug induced catalepsy in mice. Indian J. Exp. Biol 44, 45
  • Kumar V, Murthy KN, et al. (2005) Genetically modified hairy ischolar_mains of Withania somnifera Dunal: a potent source of rejuvenating principle. Ed. Rejuvenation Res. Spring 8(1), 37-45
  • Lee C, Veindruch R et al. (1997) Age related alterations of the mitochondrial genome. Free radical Biol. Med. 22(7), 1259-1269
  • Listinsky J, Siegal G, et al., (1998) Alpha-L-fucose a potential critical molecule in pathological processes including neoplasia. Am. J. Clean Pathol. 110, 425-440
  • Lowry O, Rosenbrough N, et al. (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin- phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265-275
  • Mahay S, Pariente J, et al. (2004) Effect of aging on morphology, amylase release, cytosolic Ca2 signals and acyl lipids in isolated rat parotid gland tissue. Mol. Cell Biochem. 266(1-2), 199-208
  • Miyake M, Taki T, et al. (1992) Correlation of expression of H/Le(y)/Le(b) antigen with survival in patients with carcinoma of the lung. N. Engl. J. Med. 327, 14-18
  • Mote R, Pillai M, et al. (2010) Protective effect of glycowithanolides on submandibular glands of D-galactose stressed mice The Biosca. 5(2), 295-299
  • Mote R, Pawar B, et al. (2009) Amylase activity in salivary glands of D-galactose stressed mice and protection by glycowithanolides. Electronic J. Pharmacol. Therapy. 2, 25-28
  • Naidu P, Singh A, et al. (2006) Effect of Withania somnifera ischolar_main extract on reserpine- induced orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction. Phytother. Res. 20, 140
  • Nisizawa K and Pigman W (1959) The composition and properties of the mucin in the caftle submaxillary glands. Arch. Oral Biol. 1, 161-170
  • Olver I (2006) Xerostomia: a common adverse effect of drugs and radiation. Aust. Preser. 29, 97-98
  • Palaniyandi S, Radhakrishanan P et al. (2006) Stabilization of membrane bound enzyme profiles and lipid peroxidation by Withania somnifera along with paclitaxel on benzo (a) pyrene induced experimental lung cancer. Molecular and cellular Biochemistry. 292, 13-17
  • Patro I and Sharma S (1984) Cytochemical interaction of nucleolus in the Purkinje cells of senile white rats under the influence of centrophenoxine. Expt. Gerontol. 19, 241-252
  • Pillai M, Pawar S, et al.,. (2003). Protective effects of Hydrocotyle asiatica extracts on brain during aging. Indian J Comp Animal Physiol. 21: 77 – 85.
  • Rajashankar S, Manivasagam T et al. (2009) Ashwagandha leaf extracts a potential agent in treating oxidative damage and physiological abnormalities seen in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience Letters. 454(1), 11-15
  • Rattan S (1996) Cellular and molecular determinants of aging. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 34, 1-6
  • Sashima M (1986) Age related changes of rat submandibular gland a morphometric and ultrastructural study. J. Oral pathol. 13(10), 507-512
  • Satyavati G (1995) Leads from Ayurveda on medicinal plants acting on the nervous system. In: Koslow SH, Srinivas S, Murthy R, Coelho GV, editors. Decade of the Brain: India/US research in mental health and neuroscience. Rockvillie, MD. Nat. Inst. Mental Health. pp: 185-189
  • Scanlin T and Glick M (1999) Terminal glycosylation in cystic fibrosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1455, 231-253
  • Scott J, Bodner L, et al. (1986) Assessment of age related changes in the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands of the rat using stereological analysis. Arc. Oral boil. 31, 69-71
  • Scott J (1977a) Degenerative changes in the histology of human submandibular salivary glands occurring with age. J. Biol. Buccade. 5(4),311-319
  • Scott J (1986) Structure and function in aging human salivary gland. Gerontol. 5, 149
  • Ship J, Pillemer S, et al. (2002) Xerostomia and the geriatric patient. J. AM. Geriatr. Soc. 50, 535-543
  • Song X, Bao M, et al. (1999) Advanced glycation in D-galactose induced mouse aging model. Mech. Aging Dev. 108(3), 239-251
  • Sporn M, Roberts A, et al. (1982) Polypeptide transforming growth factor isolated from bovine source and used for wound healing. Sci. 219, 1320-1333
  • Staudacher E, Altmann F, et al. (1999) Fucose in N-glycans from plant to man. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1473, 216-236
  • Tonetti M, Sturla L et al. (1998) The metabolism of 6-deoxyhexoses in bacterial and animal cells. Biochimie.80, 923-931
  • Vora S, Patil R, et al. (2009) Protective effects of Petroselium crispum (Mill) Numan exA. W. Hill leaf extract on D-galactose induced oxidative stress in mouse brain. Indian J. Experimental Biol. 47(5), 338-342
  • Vora S (2005) Protective effects of prtroselinum crispum on the mouse brain and heart during aging. Ph. D. thesis submitted to Shivaji University, Kolhapur, (MS), India
  • Walvekar M and Pillai M (2008) Endocrine relation between submandibular gland and testis. J. Cell and Tissue Res. 8(2), 1411-1416
  • Zs-Nagy I and Floyd R (1984) Electron spins resonance spectroscopic demonstration of the hydroxyl free radical scavenger properties of dimethylaminoethanol in spin tapping experiments confirming the molecular basis for biological effects of centrophenoxine. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 3, 297-310
  • Zs-Nagy I and Nagy K (1980) On the role of cross-linking of cellular proteins in aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 14, 245-251
  • Zs-Nagy I (1989) On the role of intracellular physicochemistry in quantitative gene expression during aging and effect of Centrophenoxine – A review. Arc.h Gerontol. Geriatr 9, 215-229

Abstract Views: 524

PDF Views: 412




  • Effect of Glycowithanolides on Fucose Content in Salivary Glands of Aged Mice

Abstract Views: 524  |  PDF Views: 412

Authors

Radhika N. Mote
Department of Zoology, Shivaji University Kolhapur -416004 (MS), India
M. Pillai
Department of Biotechnology, Kolhapur Institute of Technology, Kolhapur- 416234 (MS), India

Abstract


Glycowithanolides (WSG) is the extract of Withania somnifera leaves was tested to find its effect on fucose content in salivary glands of D-galactose(Dg) stressed adult and old male mice (Mus musculus). Adult and old male mice were divided in to protective group and curative group. Both the groups were further divided into four batches viz. 1st is the control batch received 0.5 ml 0.9 % saline per day for 20 and 40 days for protective and curative group respectively. Mice from 2nd, 3rd and 4th batches of protective group received 0.5 ml D-galactose (Dg), Dg+ centrophenoxine(CPH) and D-galactose (Dg) + (WSG) respectively for 20 days. Mice from 2nd, 3rd and 4th batches of curative group received 0.5 ml D-galactose (Dg) for 20 days then followed by 0.5ml saline, centrophenoxine and WSG for further 20 days respectively. Fucose content (μg/mg proteins) in salivary glands was estimated. In D-galactose stressed adult and old mice it was decreased significantly, but restored by the treatment of WSG and centrophenoxine. The restoration was not exactly up to the normal level but was near to the normal level in adult. In D-galactose stressed old mice there was restoration in fucose content but it was not like that of adult. Restoration was significantly higher in WSG treatment. Thus WSG can be used as a powerful natural antistresser.

Keywords


Antioxidants, D-galactose, Fucose, Glycowithanolides, Salivary Glands

References