Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effect of Low-level Environmental Lead Exposure on the Intellectual Functions of Children of El-minia City, El-minia Governorate, Egypt


Affiliations
1 Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, **Dept. of Pediatric Diseases - Faculty of Medicine - El-Minia University – El- Minia - Egypt, Egypt
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Lead (Pb) is a confirmed neurotoxin. Clear adverse effects of blood Pb level (BLL) e" 10 ìg/dl have been documented in children, but questions remain about Pb-associated intellectual disorders at these BLL and whether lower exposures are associated with greater disorders.

Keywords

Lead, Children, Intellectual Functions, Environmental Toxicity.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Bellinger, D.C., Needleman H.L. (2003). Intellectual impairment and blood lead levels. N Engl J Med. 349:500–2.

  • Bowers, T.S., Beck, B.D. (2006). What is the meaning of nonlinear dose–response relationships between blood lead concentrations and IQ? Neurotoxicology. 27:520–524.

  • Canfield, R.L., Henderson, C.R. Jr., Cory-Slechta, D.A., et al., (2003). Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter. N Engl J Med. 17;348(16): 1517-26.

  • Centers for Disease Control. Preventing lead poisoning in young children (1991). A statement by the Centers for Disease Control. DHHS report 2230. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control, US Department of Health and Human Services.

  • Dabbas, M.A., Al-Zoubi, M.A. (2000). Blood lead level in the Jordanian population. Saudi Med J. 21:964–967.

  • Hornung, R.W., Lanphear, B.P., Dietrich, K.N. (2009). Age of greatest susceptibility to childhood lead exposure: a new statistical approach. Environ Health Per-spect. 117(8):1309-12.

  • International Programme for Chemical Safety (1995). Inorganic Lead. Environmental Health Criteria 165. Geneva, World Health Organization.

  • Juberg, D.R. (2000). Lead and Human Health: An Update. Prepared for the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH). 2nd, pp. 5. American Council on Science and Health, Inc.

  • Jusko, T.A., Henderson, C.R., Lanphear, B.P., et al., (2008). Blood lead concentrateions<10 microg/dL and child intelligence at 6 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 116(2):243-8.

  • Kaiser, R., Henderson, A.K., Daley, W.R., et al., (2001). Blood lead levels of primary school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect. 109:563–566.

  • Koike, S. (1997). Low-level lead exposure and children’s intelligence from recent epidemiological studies in the U.S.A. and other countries to progress in reducing lead exposure and screening in the U.S.A. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 52(3): 552-61.

  • Lanphear, B.P., Hornung, R., Khoury, J., et al., (2005). Low-level environmental lead exposure and children’s intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 113(7):894-9.

  • MMWR Recomm Rep. (2007). Interpreting and managing blood lead levels < 10 microg/dL in children and reducing childhood exposures to lead: recommendations of CDC’s Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. 2;56(RR-8):1-16.

  • Muennig, P. (2009). The social costs of childhood lead exposure in the post-lead regulation era. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 163(9):844-9.

  • Nuwayhid, I., Nabulsi, M., Muwakkit. S., et al., (2003). Blood Lead Concentrations in 1–3 Year Old Lebanese Children: A Cross-sectional study. Environ Health. 2: 5.

  • Sanders, T., Liu, Y., Buchner, V., Tchounwou, P.B. (2009). Neurotoxic effects and biomarkers of lead exposure: a review. Rev Environ Health. 24(1):15-45.

  • Surkan, P.J., Zhang, A., Trachtenberg, F., et al., (2007). Neuropsychological function in children with blood lead levels <10 microg/dL. Neurotoxicology. 28(6):1170-7.

  • Téllez-Rojo, M.M., Bellinger, D.C., Arroyo-Quiroz, C., et al., (2006). Longitudinal associations between blood lead concentrations lower than 10 microg/dL and neurobehavioral development in environmentally exposed children in Mexico City. Pediatrics. 118(2):e323-30.

  • von Schirnding, Y., Mathee, A., Robertson, P., et al., (2001). Distribution of blood lead levels in schoolchildren in selected Cape Peninsula suburbs subsequent to reductions in petrol lead. S Afr Med J. 91:870–872.

  • Wechsler, D. (1995). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3nd edn. San Antonio, Tx: Psychol. Corporation.

  • White, L.D., Cory-Slechta, D.A., Gilbert, M.E., et al., (2007). New and evolving concepts in the neurotoxicology of lead. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 15;225(1):1-27.

  • Winneke, G., Lilienthal, H., Krämer, U. (1996). The neurobehavioural toxicology and teratology of lead. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 18:57-70.


Abstract Views: 316

PDF Views: 0




  • Effect of Low-level Environmental Lead Exposure on the Intellectual Functions of Children of El-minia City, El-minia Governorate, Egypt

Abstract Views: 316  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Mohamed A.M. Khalaf
Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, **Dept. of Pediatric Diseases - Faculty of Medicine - El-Minia University – El- Minia - Egypt, Egypt
Abdel-Azeem M. El-Mazary
Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, **Dept. of Pediatric Diseases - Faculty of Medicine - El-Minia University – El- Minia - Egypt, Egypt

Abstract


Lead (Pb) is a confirmed neurotoxin. Clear adverse effects of blood Pb level (BLL) e" 10 ìg/dl have been documented in children, but questions remain about Pb-associated intellectual disorders at these BLL and whether lower exposures are associated with greater disorders.

Keywords


Lead, Children, Intellectual Functions, Environmental Toxicity.

References