International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems

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How to Employ Zipf’s Laws for Content Analysis in Tourism Studies?


Affiliations
1 Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CITUR), Portugal
2 Faculty of Business Sciences and Tourism, University of Vigo, Spain
3 University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Oman. Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Fayoum University, Egypt
4 TRIE - Transdisciplinary Research Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems - Lusofona University, Porto, Portugal
     

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Although Zipf’s laws were deployed in various contexts, no previous research has investigated their adoption in tourism academic publications. This study aims to fill this gap by employing Zipf’s laws as a content analysis method for analyzing tourism literature, with emphasis on the gamification subject. Employing the DB Gnosis software, the findings revealed that the application of Zipf’s laws on obtained tourism gamification articles not only broadens the academic understanding of these laws but also brings about relevant implications for academic literature in tourism. This research provides a new content analysis method in tourism and presents new insights into existing content analysis approaches in tourism. It also adds to the few studies that have addressed the topic of tourism gamification


Keywords

Zipf’s First Law, Zipf’s Second Law, Content Analysis, Gamification, Tourism
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  • How to Employ Zipf’s Laws for Content Analysis in Tourism Studies?

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Authors

Lucília Cardoso
Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CITUR), Portugal
Noelia Araújo Vila
Faculty of Business Sciences and Tourism, University of Vigo, Spain
Mohammad Soliman
University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Oman. Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Fayoum University, Egypt
Arthur Filipe Araújo
TRIE - Transdisciplinary Research Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems - Lusofona University, Porto, Portugal
Giovana Goretti Feijó de Almeida
Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation (CITUR), Portugal

Abstract


Although Zipf’s laws were deployed in various contexts, no previous research has investigated their adoption in tourism academic publications. This study aims to fill this gap by employing Zipf’s laws as a content analysis method for analyzing tourism literature, with emphasis on the gamification subject. Employing the DB Gnosis software, the findings revealed that the application of Zipf’s laws on obtained tourism gamification articles not only broadens the academic understanding of these laws but also brings about relevant implications for academic literature in tourism. This research provides a new content analysis method in tourism and presents new insights into existing content analysis approaches in tourism. It also adds to the few studies that have addressed the topic of tourism gamification


Keywords


Zipf’s First Law, Zipf’s Second Law, Content Analysis, Gamification, Tourism

References