International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Peace and Tourism Vs. Tourism and Peace: Conceptual Issues.


Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor , Honam University , 59-1, Seobong-Dong, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, 506-714., Korea, Republic of
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


This study clearly demonstrates that a close connection has been observed in many parts of the world between various forms of peace through tourism and tourism through peace. "The relationship between tourism and peace" issue as was found in the literature concentrates mainly on with the socio-psychological attitudes towards tourism, although economic studies measuring the impact of peace on tourism are relatively few. Moreover, while it may be overstating reality to argue that tourism is necessarily a force for peace, it may be that this particular type of tourism is a precursor to and a positive influence on the improvement of diplomatic relations between divided nations, and may ultimately lead to the establishment of more conventional tourism between these units as their relations improve.

Keywords

Peace And Tourism, Tourism And Peace, Political Boundaries, Peace Promoter
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Anon (1981) Una Politica De promocion turistican para la espana de los ochenta. Informe/prooyesta final de la Investigacion shbre folletos y cartelesturisticos. Estudios Turisticos, 69: 37-55.

  • Anson, C. (1999) Planning for peace: The role of tourism in the aftermath of violence. Journal of Travel Research, 38: 57-61.

  • Ap, J. and Var, T. (1990) Does tourism promote world peace?, Tourism Management, 11(3): 267-273.

  • Arreola, D. D. (1999) Variability of tourists’ attraction on an international boundary: Sonora, Mexico border towns. Visions in Leisure and Business, 17(4): 19-29.

  • Arreola, D. D. and Curtis, J. R. (1993) The Mexican Border Cities: Landscape Anatomy and Place Personality. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  • Beal, T. (2001) Missed opportunities and blighted promise problems and prospects for DPRK tourism. International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, 10(2): 1-47.

  • Beer, F. (1990) The reduction of war and the creation of peace. In Smoker, P., Davies, R. and Munske, B. (Eds.), A Reader in Peace Studies (pp. 15-20). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

  • Boggs, S. W. (1940) International Boundaries: A Study of Boundary Functions and Problems. New York: Columbia University Press.

  • Boyd, S. (1999) North-South divide: The role of the border in tourism to Northern Ireland. Visions in Leisure and Business, 17(4): 50-62.

  • Bregha, F. (1989) Tourism, development, peace. World Leisure and Recreation, 31(4), 5-8.

  • Brock, L. (1991) Peace through park: The environment on the peace research agenda. Journal of Peace Research, 28(4): 407-423.

  • Brown, F. (1989) Is tourism really a peacemaker?. Tourism Management, December, 270-271.

  • Burnett, G. W. and Uysal, M. (1990) On the nature of peace in relationship to tourism: Three cases. The Tourist Review, 2-6.

  • Butler, R.W. (1996) The development of tourism in frontier regions: issues and approaches. In Gradus, Y. & Lithwick, H. (Eds.), Frontiers in regional development (pp.213-229). London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

  • Butler, R. and Mao, B. (1995) Tourism between quasi-state: International, domestic or what?. In R. Butler and D. G. Pearce (Eds.), Change in Tourism: people, places, processes (pp. 92-113). London: Routledge.

  • Curtis, J. R. and Arreola, D. D. (1989) Through gringo eyes: Tourist districts in the mexican border cities as other-directed places. North American Culture, 5(2): 19-32.

  • D’Amore, L. J. (1987-8). Tourism - The world’s peace industry. Business Quarterly, 52(3), 78-85.

  • D’Amore, L. J. (1988a) Tourism-A vital force for peace. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(2): 269-271.

  • D’Amore, L. J. (1988b) Tourism - The world’s peace industry. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1): 35-40.

  • D’Amore, L. (1994) Tourism: The world’s peace industry. In Harssel, J. (Ed.), Tourism: An Exploration (3rd Edn.) (pp.112-117). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.

  • D’Amore, L. J. and Jafari, J. (1988) Tourism- A Vital Force for Peace (Pre-conference publication). Montreal: L. J. D’Amore and Associates.

  • Eriksson, G. A. (1979) Tourism at the Finnish-Swedish-Norwegian borders. In Gruber, G., Lamping, H., Lutz, W., Matznetter, J. and Vorlaufer, K. (Eds.), Tourism and Borders (pp. 151-162). Proceedings of the Meeting of the IGU Working Group–Geography of Tourism and Recreation Institut fur Wirtschafts-und Sozialgeographie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universitat, Frankfurt.

  • Essex, S. J. and Gibb, R. A. (1989). Tourism in the Anglo-French frontier zone. Geography, 74(3): 222-231.

  • Falah, G. and Newman, D. (1995) The spatial manifestation of threat: Israelis and Palestinians seek a ‘good’ border. Political Geography, 14(8): 689-706.

  • Ferrando, M. G.. (1981) Popular sport and sociocultural change in the Spain on the 80’s, Physical Culture and Sports in the way of Social Groups, 2 Volumes. In F. Gras & G. Benkert (Eds.), VII International Symposium of the International Committee for Sociology of Sport, ICSS Vol. 2, Spain: Universidad Autonoma of Madrid.

  • Galtung, J. (1990) Violence and peace. In Smoker, P, Davies, R. and Munske, B. (Eds.), A Reader in Peace Studies (pp. 9-14). Oxford: Pergamon Press.

  • Gibbons, J. D. and Fish, M. (1987) Market sensitivity of US and Mexican border travel. Journal of Travel Research, 26(1): 2-6.

  • Girot, P., Ed. (1994). World Boundaries Vol. IV: The Americas. London: Routledge.

  • Glassner, M. I. and de Blij, H. J. (1980) Systematic Political Geography (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley.

  • Goeldner, C. (1989), Tourism- A vital force for peace. Tourism Management,27(3), 166-168.

  • Grundy-Warr, C., Ed. (1990) International Boundaries and Boundary Conflict Resolution. Durham, UK: International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU) Press.

  • Grundy-Warr, C. (1994) Eurasia – World Boundaries Vol. 3. London: Routledge.

  • Hall, C. M. (1994) Tourism in the Pacific Rim: Development, impacts and market. Melbourne: Longman.

  • Hobson, J. S. & Ko, G. (1994) Tourism and politics: The implications of the change in sovereignty on the future development of Hong Kong’s tourism industry. Journal of Travel Research, 32(4), 2-8.

  • International Institute for Peace Through Tourism (IIPT) (2002). http://www.iipt.org/index.html/. Visited 1 February, 2002.

  • Jafari, J. (1989) Tourism and peace. Annuals of Tourism Research, 16: 439-444.

  • Kim, Y. and Crompton, J. L. (1990). Role of tourism in unifying the two Koreas. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(3): 353-366.

  • Khamouna, M. and Zeiger, J. B. (1995) Peace through tourism. Parks and Recreation, 30, 80-86.

  • Klemencic, V. and Bufon, M. (1991) The Italio Yogoslav border landscape. In Rumley, D. and Minghi, J. (Eds.), The Geography of Border Landscapes (pp. 86-103). London: Routledge.

  • Kliot, L. (1996). Turning desert to bloom: Israeli-Jordanian peace proposals for the Jordan rift valley. Journal of Borderlands Studies, XI(1): 1-24.

  • Ladki, S. M., Zein, B. and Sadik, M. W. (2002). Effect of the middle east peace process on pan Arab tourism industries. Tourism Analysis, 6(3/4): 267-272.

  • Leimgruber, W. (1981). Boundaries as a factor in regional integration: Examples from Basle and Ticino. Regio Basiliensis, 22(2): 192-201.

  • Leimgruber, W. (1988). Border trade: the boundary as an incentive and an obstacle to shopping trips. Nordia, 22 (1): 53-60.

  • Leimgruber, W. (1989). The perception of boundaries: barriers or invitation to interaction?. Regio Basiliensis, 30(2): 49-59.

  • Leimgruber, W. (1991). Boundary, values and identity – the Swiss-Italian transborder region. In Rumley, D. and Minghi, J. (Eds.), The Geography of Border Landscapes (pp. 43-52). London: Routledge.

  • Leimgruber, W. (1998). Defying political boundaries: Transborder Tourism in a regional context. Visions in Leisure and Business, 17(3): 8-21.

  • Litvin, S. W. (1998). Tourism: The world’s peace industry?. Journal of Travel Research, 37 (August): 63-66.

  • Lovell, A. (1994). Border regions in Central America. In Girot, P. O. (Ed.), World Boundaries (Vol. 4, pp. 49-57), The Americas. London: Routledge.

  • Mao, B. (1995). Exploration of Partitioned State Tourism: The example of Partitioned China. PhD Thesis, Canada: The University of Western Ontario.

  • Maier, J. and Weber, J. (1979). Tourism and leisure behaviour subject to the spatial influence of a national frontier: The example of Northeast Bavaria. In Gruber, G., Lamping, H., Lutz, W., Matznetter, J. and Vorlaufer, K. (Eds.), Tourism and Borders: Proceedings of the Meeting of the IGU Working Group – Geography of Tourism and Recreation (pp. 61-73). Institut für Wirtschafts - and Sozialgeographie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Frankfurt.

  • Martinez, O. J. (1994). The dynamics of border interaction: New approaches to border analysis. In Schofield, C. L. (Ed.), Global Boundaries: World Boundaries (Vol.1) (pp. 1-15). London: Routledge.

  • Mattews, H. G. (1978). International Tourism: A Political and Social Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company.

  • Matznetter, J. (1979). Border and tourism: fundamental relations. In Gruber, G., Lamping, H., Lutz, W., Matznetter, J. and Vorlaufer, K. (Eds.), Tourism and Borders: Proceedings of the Meeting of the UGU Working Group – Geography of Tourism and Recreation (pp. 61-73). Frankfurt: Institut fur Wirtschafts- and Sozialgeographie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität.

  • McIntosh, R. W., Goeldner, C. R. and Ritchie, J. R. (1995). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies (7th ed.). New York: John Wiley.

  • Mihalic, T. (1996). Tourism and warfare-the case of Slovenia, In Pizam, A. and Mansfeld, Y. (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 231-246). London: John Wiley and Sons.

  • Minghi, J. V. (1991). From Conflict to Harmony in Border Landscapes. In D. Rumley & J. V. Minghi (Eds.), The Geography of Border Landscapes (pp. 15-30). London: Routledge.

  • Minghi, J. V. (1994). European borderlands: International harmony, landscape change and new conflict. In Grundy-Warr, C. (Ed.), World Boundaries Vol. III: Eurasia. London: Routledge.

  • Newman, D. (1998). Transforming ethnic frontiers of conflict into political frontiers of peace. In Yiftachel, O. and Meir, A. (Eds.), Ethnic Frontiers and Peripheries. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

  • Newman, D. and Paasi, A. (1998). Fences and neighbours in the postmodern world: Boundary narratives in political geography. Progress in Human Geography, 22(2): 186-207.

  • Nijkamp, P. (1994). New Borders and Old Barriers in Spatial Development. Aldershot: Avebury.

  • Ossenbrugge, J. (1994). Economic interaction and cooperation along the German-Polish border. In Galluser, W. (Ed.), Political Boundaries and Coexistence (pp. 95-102). Switzerland: Peter Lang.

  • Paasi, A. and Raivo, P. J. (1998). Boundaries as barriers and promoters: Constructing the tourist landscapes of Finnish Karelia. Visions in Leisure and Business, 17(3): 30-43.

  • Pearce, D. (1987). Tourism Development. London: Longman.

  • Pizam, A. and Mansfeld, Y. (1996). Introduction. In Pizam, A. and Mansfield, Y. (Eds.), Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues (pp. 1-10). Chichester: Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  • Prescott, J. R.V. (1987). Political Frontiers and Boundaries. London: Allen & Unwin.

  • Reitsma, H. A. (1983). Boundaries as barriers – The predicament of land-locked countries. In Kliot, N. and Waterman, S. (Eds.), Pluralism and Political Geography: People, territory and state (pp. 259-269). London: Croom Helm Ltd.

  • Richard, W. E. (1993). International planning for tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 20(3): 601-604.

  • Richter, L. (1983). Tourism politics and political science: A case of not so benign neglect. Annals of Tourism Research, 10(2), 313-335.

  • Rumley, D. and Minghi, J. V. (1991). The Geography of Border Landscapes. London: Routledge.

  • Schofield, C. H. (1994). World Boundaries Vol. I: Global Boundaries. London: Routledte.

  • Schofield, C. H. and Schofield, R. (1994). World Boundaries Vol. II: The Middle East. London: Routledge.

  • Smith, S. L. J. (1984). A method for estimating the distance equivalence of international boundaries. Journal of Travel Research, 22 (3): 37-39.

  • Sonmez, S. (1998). Tourism, terrorism and political instability. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2): 416-456.

  • Sonmez, S. F. and Graefe, A. R. (1998). Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 112-144.

  • Sonmez, S. F. and Apostolopoulos, Y. (2000). Conflict resolution through tourism cooperation? : The Case of the Partitioned Island-State of Cyprus. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 9(3): 35-48.

  • Sykes, J. B. (1976). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.

  • Timothy, D. J. (2001). Tourism and Political boundaries. London: Routledge.

  • Timothy, D. J. (2000a). Tourism and international parks. In Butler, R. and Boyd, S. (Eds.), Tourism and National Parks (pp.263-282). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Timothy, D. J. (2000b). Tourism planning in Southeast Asia: Bringing down borders through cooperation. In Chon, K. S (Ed.), Tourism in Southeast Asia: A new direction (pp. 21-38). London: The Haworth Hospitality Press.

  • Timothy, D. J. (1999). Cross-border partnership in tourism resource management: International parks along the US-Canada border. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(3/4): 182-205.

  • Timothy, D. J. (1998a). Collecting places: Geodetic lines in tourist space. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 7(4): 123-129.

  • Timothy, D. J. (1998b). Cooperative tourism planning in a developing destination, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 6(1): 52-68.

  • Timothy, D. J. (1998c). Tourism and international borders: Themes and issues. Visions in Leisure and Business, 17(3): 3-7.

  • Timothy, D. J. (1996). Small and isolated: The politics of tourism in international exclaves. Acta Turistica, 8(2): 99-115.

  • Timothy, D. J. (1995a). International boundaries: New frontiers for tourism research. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1: 141-12.

  • Timothy, D. J. (1995b). Political boundaries and tourism: borders as tourist attractions. Tourism Management, 16(7): 525-532.

  • Var, T., Ap, J. and Van Doren, C. (1998). Tourism and world peace. In W. F. Theobald (Ed.), Global Tourism (2nd ed.) (pp. 27-39). Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.

  • Var, T. and Brayley, R., Korsay, M. (1989). Tourism and world peace: Case of Turkey. Annals of Tourism Research, 16: 282-286.

  • Var, T., Schlutter, R., Ankomash, P. and Lee, T. H. (1989). Tourism and world peace: the case of Argentina. Annals of Tourism Research, 16(3), 431-443.

  • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) (1995). Middle East-Mediterranean Travel and Tourism- A New Perspective. London: WTTC.

  • Yu, L. and Chung, M. H. (2001). Tourism as a catalytic force for low-politics activities between politically divided countries: The cases of South/North Korea and Taiwan/ China. New Political Science, 23(4): 537-545.

  • Zhang, G. (1993). Tourism across the Taiwan Straits. Tourism Management, 14(3): 228-231.

  • Zhao, X. (1994a). Barter tourism: a new phenomenon along the China-Russia border. Journal of Travel Research, 32(3): 65-67.

  • Zhao, X. (1994b). Barter tourism along the China-Russian border. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(2): 401-403.

  • Economist (1997). http://www.economist.com.


Abstract Views: 647

PDF Views: 0




  • Peace and Tourism Vs. Tourism and Peace: Conceptual Issues.

Abstract Views: 647  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Youngsun Shin
Assistant Professor , Honam University , 59-1, Seobong-Dong, Gwangsan-Gu, Gwangju, 506-714., Korea, Republic of

Abstract


This study clearly demonstrates that a close connection has been observed in many parts of the world between various forms of peace through tourism and tourism through peace. "The relationship between tourism and peace" issue as was found in the literature concentrates mainly on with the socio-psychological attitudes towards tourism, although economic studies measuring the impact of peace on tourism are relatively few. Moreover, while it may be overstating reality to argue that tourism is necessarily a force for peace, it may be that this particular type of tourism is a precursor to and a positive influence on the improvement of diplomatic relations between divided nations, and may ultimately lead to the establishment of more conventional tourism between these units as their relations improve.

Keywords


Peace And Tourism, Tourism And Peace, Political Boundaries, Peace Promoter

References