Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

The Eye of the Beholder:Catehing Retinoblastoma Early


Affiliations
1 Department ofHuman Development & Family Empowerment Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
2 Consultant, Ophthalmie Plastie Surgery & Oeular Oneology Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumour of the retina that occurs predominantly in young children. Not many people may be aware that a rare type of eye cancer that most commonly atfects young children can prove fatal if left untreated. It develops as a mass in the retina (the sensitive lining on the inside of one's eye) and can be screened with just a smart phone. Children who have the disease often have a white glow in their pupils that shows up when photographed with a flash. Retinoblastoma may occur in one or both eyes of a child. When caught early, retinoblastoma can be successfully treated. Current technology and chemotherapy can help save a child's life and vision. The disease is usually diagnosed at an average age of 18 months, with 95 per cent of children diagnosed by five years of age. Unlike other cancers, there is less awareness about Retinoblastoma even among the medical practitioners. There is a need to sensitize parents, families, pediatricians as they are the first contact care givers for children. The new technology in smart phones has facilitated early detection and screening of white eye reflex in children even by lay persons. This article is based on a community-based initiative undertaken by a Department of a Delhi University affiliated college to create awareness about signs and symptoms ofRetinoblastoma specifically squint and white eye reflex - the two red flags of the disease. The project promoted early detection and screening of Retinoblastoma through flash photography. The initiative was taken ahead by a group of students and faculty of the Department under the advisorship of a senior consultant in Ocular Oncology from a partnering super speciality eye institution based in New Delhi.

Keywords

Retinoblastoma, Lenkocoria, White Reflex, Eye Cancer.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Abramson, D. H., & Schefler, A.C. (2004). Update on retinoblastoma. Retina, 24(6), 828-848.

  • Abramson, D.H. (2014). Retinoblastoma: Saving life with vision. Annual Review of Medicine, 65, 171-184. pmid:24422571.

  • Aerts, I., Lumbroso-Le Ronic, L., Ganthier-Villars, M., Brisse, H., Doz, F., & Desjardins, L. (2006). Retinoblastoma. Orphonet Journal of Rare Diseases, 1, 31. http://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-l-31

  • Ayanniyi,A. A., Jamda,A. M.,Badmos,K. B.,Adelaiye,R. S., Mahmoud, A. 0.,Kyari, F., &Nwana, E. J. (2010). Awareness and knowledge of ocular cancers in a resource- limited economy. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(11), 526-531. http://doi.org/10.4297/najms.2010.2526

  • Balaguer, J., Wilson, M. W., Billups, C. A., Mancini, J., Haik, B. G., Qaddoumi, I., & Rodriguez-Galindo, C. (2009). Predictive factors of invasion in eyes with retinoblastoma enucleated after eye salvage treatments. Pediatric Blood and Cancer, 52(3), 351-356. http://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.21845

  • Balmer, A., Zografos, L., & Munier, F. (2006). Diagnosis and current management of retinoblastoma. Oncogene, 25(38), 5341-5349.

  • Bishop, J.O., & Madsen, E.C. (1975). Retinoblastoma. Review of the current status. Survey of Ophthalmology, 79(6), 342-366.

  • Chantada, G.L., Qaddoumi, I., Canturk, S., Khetan, V., Ma, Z., Kimani, K., Yeniad, B., Sultan, I., Sitorus, R.S., Tacyildiz, N., & Abramson, D.H. (2011). Strategies to manage retinoblastoma in developing countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 56(3), 341- 348.doi:10.1002/pbc.22843.Epub2010Novll.

  • Davis, M. (2017-07-01). Retinoblastoma: Making a difference together. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 4(3), 181.

  • Dimaras, H. (2015). Retinoblastoma genetics in India: From research to implementation. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 63(3), 219-226. http://doi.org/ 10.4103/0301-4738.156917

  • Dimaras, H., Kimani, K., & Dimba, E.A. (2012). Retinoblastoma. Lancet, 379, 14361446.

  • Dome, J.S., Rodriguez-Galindo, C., Spunt, S.L., & Santana, V.M. (2014). Chapter 95: Pediatric solid tumors. In J.E. Niederhuber, J.O. Armitage, J.H. Dorshow, M.B. Kastan, and J.E. Tepper i^6s.), Abeloffs clinical oncology (5thed.). Philadelphia, Pa. Elsevier.

  • Dunkel, I.J., Jubran, R.F., Gururangan, S., Chantada, G.L., Finlay, J.L., Goldman, S., Khakoo, Y., O'Brien, J.M., Orjuela, M., Rodriguez-Galindo, C., Souweidane, M.M., & Abramson, D.H. (2010). Trilateral retinoblastoma: Potentially curable with intensivQ chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 54, 384-387.

  • Freeman, N., & Meyer, D. (2006). Towards early detection of retinoblastoma. South African Medical Journal, 104, 856.

  • Gobin, Y.P., Dunkel, I.J., Marr, B.P., Brodie, S.E., & Abramson, D.H. (2011). Intraarterial chemotherapy for the management of retinoblastoma: Four-year experience. Archives of Ophthalmology, 129, 732-737.

  • Howlader, N., Noone, A.M., Krapcho, M., Miller, D., Bishop, K., Kosary, C.L., Yu, M., Ruhl, J., Tatalovich, Z., Mariotto, A., Lewis, D.R., Chen,H.S., Feuer, E.J., & Cronin, K.A. (Eds.) (1975-2011). SEER cancer statistics review: National cancer institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.

  • Leander, C., Fu, L.C., Pena, A., Howard, S.C., Rodriguez-Galindo, C., Wilimas, J.A., Ribeiro, R.C., & Haik, B. (2007). Impact of an education program on late diagnosis of retinoblastoma in Honduras Pediatr Blood Cancer. 49, 817-819.

  • Lin, P., & O'Brien, J.M. (2009). Frontiers in the management of retinoblastoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 148, 192-198.

  • Marees,T., Moll, A.C., Imhof, S.M., de Boer, M.R., Ringens, P.J., & van Leeuwen, F.E. (2008). Risk of second malignancies in survivors of retinoblastoma: More than 40 years of foWow-up. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 100, 1771-1779.

  • Melnyk,B. M., &Gloanna,P. (2010). Coping interventions for parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer: An evidence review with implications for clinical practice and futuTQTQSQaich. Pediatric Nursing, Vol. .506. Academic OneFile. Web. 6Dec. 2013.

  • National Cancer Institute (2015). Physician Data Query (PDQ). Retinoblastoma Treatment. Accessed at www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/retinoblastoma/health professional onFebruary 12,2015.

  • Pandey, A. N. (2014). Retinoblastoma: An overview. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology, 25(4), 310-315.http://doi.Org/10.1016/j.sjopt.2013.ll.001

  • Pappo, A.S., Navid, F., & Brennan, R.C. (2015). Solid tumors of childhood. In V.T. DeVita, T.S. Lawrence, and S.A. Rosenberg (Eds.), DeVita, Hell-man, and rosenberg's cancer: Principles and practice of oncology (10th ed., Ch. 99). Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

  • Parulekar, M.V. (2010). Retinoblastoma - current treatment and future direction. Early Human Development, 56(10), 619-625. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev. 2010.08.022.

  • Rao, R., &Honavar, S.G. (2017). 'RsXvnohXasXoma.. Indian Jour-nal of Pediatrics, 84, 937. https://doi.Org/10.1007/sl2098-017-2395-0

  • Rodriguez-Galindo, C., Orbach, D.B., & VanderVeen, D. (2015). Retinoblastoma. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 62, 201-223.

  • Rodriguez-Galindo, C., Wilson, M. W., Chantada, G., Fu, L., Qaddoumi, I., Antonelli, C.,& Wilimas, J. (2008). Retinoblastoma: One world, one vision. Pediatrics, 722(3), e763-e770. http://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0518

  • Retinoblastoma (2015). EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115082/Retinoblastoma. Updated September 13, 2013. Accessed November 6.

  • Retinoblastoma (2015). Merck manual professional version website. Available at: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/pediatric-cancers/retinoblastoma. UpdatedAugust 2015. AccessedNovember.

  • Saunders, T., & Margo, C.E. (2012). Intraocular medulloepithelioma. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 136, 212-216.

  • Shah, V., Yadav, L., Singh, M., & Kharbanda, S. (2015). Custom ocular prosthesis in rehabilitation of a child operated for retinoblastoma. National Journal of MaxillofacialS-urgery, 6(2), 232-236. http://doi.org/10.4103/0975-5950.183871

  • Shields, C.L. (2009). Forget-me-nots in the care of children with retinoblastoma. Seminars in Ophthalmology, 22(5-6), 324-334. DOI: 10.1080/08820530802506029

  • Shields, C.L., Manjandavida, F.P., Arepalli, S., Kaliki, S., Lally, S.E., Shields, J.A. (2014). Intravitreal melphalan for persistent or recurrent retinoblastoma vitreous seeds: Preliminary results. 2TMT Ophthalmol, 132,319-325.

  • What is retinoblastoma? (2015). American academy of ophthalmology eye smart website. Available at: http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/retinoblastoma.cfm. AccessedNovember 6,2015.

  • Watts, P.J., Indian Med Assoc (2003). Retinoblastoma: Clinical features and current concQpXsn-maRa.gemswi.JoumalofitheIndia-nMedicalAssociation, 767(8),464-468

  • Yun, J., Li, Y., Xu, C.T., & Pan, B.R. (2011). Epidemiology and Rbl gene of retinoblastoma. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 4(1), 103-109. http://doi.Org/10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.01.24

  • Zhang, J., Benavente, C.A., McEvoy, J., Flores-Otero, J., Ding, L., Chen, X., Ulyanov, A., Wu, G., Wilson, M., Wang, J., Brennan, R., Rusch, M., Manning, A.L., Ma, J., Easton, J., Shurtleff, S.,Mullighan, C., Pounds, S.,Mukatira, S., Gupta,P.,Neale, G., Zhao, D., Lu, C., Fulton, R.S., Fulton, L.L., Hong, X., Dooling, D.J., Ochoa, K., Naeve, C., Dyson, N.J., Mardis, E.R., Bahrami, A., Ellison, D., Wilson, R.K., Downing, J.R., &Dyer,M.A. (2012). A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic andepigeneticanalyses.Xa/Mre, 481, 329-334.


Abstract Views: 360

PDF Views: 1




  • The Eye of the Beholder:Catehing Retinoblastoma Early

Abstract Views: 360  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Nirmala Muralidhar
Department ofHuman Development & Family Empowerment Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Vikas Menon
Consultant, Ophthalmie Plastie Surgery & Oeular Oneology Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India

Abstract


Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumour of the retina that occurs predominantly in young children. Not many people may be aware that a rare type of eye cancer that most commonly atfects young children can prove fatal if left untreated. It develops as a mass in the retina (the sensitive lining on the inside of one's eye) and can be screened with just a smart phone. Children who have the disease often have a white glow in their pupils that shows up when photographed with a flash. Retinoblastoma may occur in one or both eyes of a child. When caught early, retinoblastoma can be successfully treated. Current technology and chemotherapy can help save a child's life and vision. The disease is usually diagnosed at an average age of 18 months, with 95 per cent of children diagnosed by five years of age. Unlike other cancers, there is less awareness about Retinoblastoma even among the medical practitioners. There is a need to sensitize parents, families, pediatricians as they are the first contact care givers for children. The new technology in smart phones has facilitated early detection and screening of white eye reflex in children even by lay persons. This article is based on a community-based initiative undertaken by a Department of a Delhi University affiliated college to create awareness about signs and symptoms ofRetinoblastoma specifically squint and white eye reflex - the two red flags of the disease. The project promoted early detection and screening of Retinoblastoma through flash photography. The initiative was taken ahead by a group of students and faculty of the Department under the advisorship of a senior consultant in Ocular Oncology from a partnering super speciality eye institution based in New Delhi.

Keywords


Retinoblastoma, Lenkocoria, White Reflex, Eye Cancer.

References