Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Impact of Postpartum Depression and Family Environment Across Mothers


Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Department of Psychology Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology P. P. N., College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Women are an integral part of National development. Over the past decades, women have shown integrity and ability in all fields. Their contributions are recognizable and commendable but Indian women still face many difficulties in life. These difficulties sometimes trigger many psychosocial problems, such as anxiety, tension, frustration, emotional upsets, mental disturbance, and depression. Postpartum depression occurs after childbirth or after birth. This type of depression is also clinically evident. This study attempted to define postpartum depression and its signs, causes and contributing risk elements. Depression after pregnancy or birth is called postpartum depression. This is a type of clinical depression. This study attempted to define postpartum depression, symptom causes, factors, and risk factors. This study aimed to identify postpartum depression in mothers after the birth of children across the family environment. The sample of the present study consists of 200 mothers (100 mothers after delivery of 1st child & 100 mothers after delivery of 2nd child within one month of delivery). The age range of the participants was 30-35 years. Samples were collected from nearby areas of Varanasi. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS, Edinburgh, 1984) and Family Environment Scale (Joshi & Vyas, 1997) were used as tools. The results reveal that there is a significant difference between mothers across the delivery of the first and second child and the level of postpartum depression in the overall Family Environment.

Keywords

postpartum depression, family environment, children's mother.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed). Washington, District of Columbia.

  • Beck, C. T. (2004). Post-traumatic stress disorder due to childbirth: The aftermath. Nursing Research, 53(4), 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200407000-00004

  • Bernard-Bonnin, A.C. (2004). Canadian paediatric society, mental health and developmental disabilities committee, maternal depression and child development. Paediatrics and Child Health, 9(8), 575-583. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/9.8.575

  • Corrigan, C. P., Kwasky, A. N., & Groh, C. J. (2015). Social support, postpartum depression, and professional assistance: A survey of mothers in the Midwestern United States. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 24(1), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.1 891/1058-1243.24.1.48

  • Edinburgh (1984). Manual for Postpartum Depression Scale. https://www.fresno.ucsf. edu/pediatrics/downloads/edinburghscale.pdf

  • Goodman, J.H. (2004). Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal postpartum depression, and implications for family health. Journal of Advance Nursing, 45(1), 26-35.

  • Holopainen, A., & Hakulinen-Viitanen, T. (2012). New parents' experiences of postpartum depression: A systematic review of qualitative evidence. JBI Library of Systematic Reviews, 10(56), 1-10. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2012-266 http://ww7.1800ppdmoms.org/ (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2022, from http://ww7.1800ppdmoms.org/

  • Hughes, M. E., & Waite, L. J. (2002). Health in household context: Living arrangements and health in late middle age. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(1), 1-21. https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/stress-hormone-foreshadows-postpartum-243844

  • Joshi, L.M., & Vyas, V. (1997), Manual for Family Environment Scale. https://www.r upapsych.com/download/rupa-catalouge.pdf

  • Kaori, H., Takashi, K., Sachiko, B., & Satoyo, I., et al. (2018). Association between family members and risk of postpartum depression in Japan: Does “who they live with” matter? The Japan environment and Children's study. Social Science and Medicine, 217, 65-72. ISSN 0277-9536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscime d.2018.09.043. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027795361830 5380)

  • Llewellyn, A. M., Stowe, Z. N., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1997). Depression during pregnancy and the puerperium. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58(15), 26-32.

  • Mental Health America of Northern Kentucky & Southwest Ohio (2022, January 1). Home. Retrieved November 19, 2022, from http://www.mhankyswoh.org/

  • O'Hara, M.W. (1997). The nature of postpartum depressive disorders. In J. Murray and P. J. Cooper (Eds.), Postpartum depression and child development (pp. 3-31). New York: Guilford Press.

  • O'hara, M.W., & Swain, A.M. (1996). Rates and risk of postpartum depression: A metaanalysis.International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 37-54. DOI: 10.3109/095402696 09037816

  • Paulson, J. F., Dauber, S., & Leiferman, J. A. (2006). Individual and combined effects of postpartum depression in mothers and fathers on parenting behavior. Pediatrics, 118(2), 659-668. Https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2948

  • Postpartum Depression https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312- postpartum-depression

  • Stern, G., & Kruckman, L. (1983). Multi-disciplinary perspectives on post-partum depression: an anthropological critique. Social Science and Medicine (1982), 17(15), 1027-1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(83)90408-2

  • The Basics of Postpartum Depression (2020, June 21). WebMD. Retrieved November 17, 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/unde rstanding-postpartum-depression-symptoms

  • Whiffen, V. E., & Gotlib, I. H. (1993). Comparison of postpartum and non-postpartum depression: clinical presentation, psychiatric history, and psychosocial functioning. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(3), 485-494. https://doi.org/10 .1037//0022-006x.61.3.485

  • Yim, I. S., Tanner Stapleton, L. R., Guardino, C. M., Hahn-Holbrook, J., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2015). Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression: systematic review and call for integration. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 99-137. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-101414-02042


Abstract Views: 580

PDF Views: 0




  • Impact of Postpartum Depression and Family Environment Across Mothers

Abstract Views: 580  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Alka Srivastava
Research Scholar, Department of Psychology Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Dr. Abha Singh
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology P. P. N., College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract


Women are an integral part of National development. Over the past decades, women have shown integrity and ability in all fields. Their contributions are recognizable and commendable but Indian women still face many difficulties in life. These difficulties sometimes trigger many psychosocial problems, such as anxiety, tension, frustration, emotional upsets, mental disturbance, and depression. Postpartum depression occurs after childbirth or after birth. This type of depression is also clinically evident. This study attempted to define postpartum depression and its signs, causes and contributing risk elements. Depression after pregnancy or birth is called postpartum depression. This is a type of clinical depression. This study attempted to define postpartum depression, symptom causes, factors, and risk factors. This study aimed to identify postpartum depression in mothers after the birth of children across the family environment. The sample of the present study consists of 200 mothers (100 mothers after delivery of 1st child & 100 mothers after delivery of 2nd child within one month of delivery). The age range of the participants was 30-35 years. Samples were collected from nearby areas of Varanasi. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS, Edinburgh, 1984) and Family Environment Scale (Joshi & Vyas, 1997) were used as tools. The results reveal that there is a significant difference between mothers across the delivery of the first and second child and the level of postpartum depression in the overall Family Environment.

Keywords


postpartum depression, family environment, children's mother.

References