Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Herbs Loaded with Psychoactive Molecules: A Potential Role to Cure Mental Disorders
Subscribe/Renew Journal
In the past few decades, interest in herbal medicines has been increased significantly, the reason includes, isolation, purification and identification of active principles, scientific validation of traditional uses, better compatibility of the natural molecules with human body, comparatively economical, fewer side effects, better presentation, packaging and advertisements. In the current manuscript, we presented more than 25 important medicinal herbs (Achillea millefolium, Bacopa monnieri , Cannabis Sativa, Centella asiatica, Crocus sativus, Datura stramonium Ginkgo biloba, Hyoscyamus niger, Humulus lupulus, Hypericum perforatum, Juniperous macropoda, Lavendula angustifolium, Mucuna pruriens, Papaver rhoeas, Passiflora incarnate, Physochlaina praealta, Piper methysticum, Rauvolfia serpentine Rhodiola rosea, Scutellaria lateriflora, Solanum nigrum, Tussilago farfara, Verbascum Thapsus, Valeriana officinalis, Withania somnifera & Ziziphus jujube) rich in psychoactive molecules, and having potential role to cure various psychiatric ailments including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, posttraumatic stress, depression, bipolar maniac-depressive, seasonal affective disorder, psychotic, phobic disorders and Schizophrenia. Their traditional uses, psychological effects, active principles, validation of ethnopharmacological effects are recorded and discussed. Additionally, photographs of the plant species will be helpful to know or easy identification of the plants.
Keywords
medicinal herbs, psychoactive molecules, psychology, mental disorders.
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Abourashed, E. A., Koetter, U., & Brattström, A. (2004). In vitro binding experiments with a Valerian, hops and their fixed combination extract (Ze91019) to selected central nervous system receptors. Phytomedicine, 11(7-8), 633-638.
- Afewerky, H. K., Ayodeji, A. E., Tiamiyu, B. B., Orege, J. I., Okeke, E. S., Oyejobi, A. O., & Adeyemi, S. B. (2021). Critical review of the Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: ethnobotany, pharmacological efficacy, and commercialization significance in Africa. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 45(1), 1-16.
- Ahmed, M., Azam, K., & Nur, M. (2014). Traditional knowledge and formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia like psychosis. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, 2014, 679810. doi: 10.1155/2014/679810.
- Akhondzadeh, S. (2007). Herbal medicines in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. In S. Akhondzadeh, H.R. Naghavi, M. Vazirian, A. Shayeganpour, H. Rashidi H, and M. Khani, et al. (Eds.), Low-cost approaches to promote physical and mental health (pp. 119-138). Springer, New York, NY.
- Akkol, E. K., Çankaya, I. T., Karatoprak, G. Ş., Carpar, E., Sobarzo-Sánchez, E., & Capasso, R. (2021). Natural compounds as medical strategies in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders seen in neurological diseases. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 669638.
- Ali, S. I., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A review. Phytotherapy Research, 31(8), 1140-1161.
- Amsterdam, J. D., & Panossian, A. G. (2016). Rhodiola rosea L. as a putative botanical antidepressant. Phytomedicine, 23(7), 770-783.
- Andre, C. M., Hausman, J. F., & Guerriero, G. (2016). Cannabis sativa: the plant of the thousand and one molecules. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, 19. https://doi.org/10.3 389/fpls. 2016.00019.
- Aswal B. S., & Mehrotra, B. N. (1994). Flora of Lahaul-Spiti (A cold desert in North West Himalaya). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
- Balkrishna, A., & Misra, L.N. (2017). Ayurvedic plants in brain disorders: The herbal hope. Journal of Traditional Medicine and Clinical Naturopathy, 6(2), 221.
- Baretta, I. P., Felizardo, R. A., Bimbato, V. F., dos Santos, M. G. J., Kassuya, C. A. L., Junior, A. G., & Andreatini, R. (2012). Anxiolytic-like effects of acute and chronic treatment with Achillea millefolium L. extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 140(1), 46-54.
- Bilia, A. R., Gallori, S., & Vincieri, F. F. (2002). Kava-kava and anxiety: growing knowledge about the efficacy and safety. Life Sciences, 70(22), 2581-2597.
- Bonini, S. A., Premoli, M., Tambaro, S., Kumar, A., Maccarinelli, G., Memo, M., & Mastinu, A. (2018). Cannabis sativa: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 227, 300-315.
- Bouzidi, A., Mahdeb, N., & Kara, N. (2011). Toxicity studies of alkaloids of seeds of Datura stramonium and synthesis alkaloids in male rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(15), 3421-3431.
- Budantsev, A. L., Prikhodko, V. A., Varganova, I. V., & Okovityi, S. V. (2021). Biological activity of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae): A review. Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 9(1), 17-31.
- Chaudhari, K. S., Tiwari, N. R., Tiwari, R. R., & Sharma, R. S. (2017). Neurocognitive effect of nootropic drug Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of Neurosciences, 24(2), 111-122.
- Chen, J., Liu, X., Li, Z., Qi, A., Yao, P., Zhou, Z., ... & Tsim, K. W. (2017). A review of dietary Ziziphus jujuba fruit (Jujube): Developing health food supplements for brain protection. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017, 3019568.
- Chen, S., Dong, L., Quan, H., Zhou, X., Ma, J., Xia, W., ... & Fu, X. (2021). A review of the ethnobotanical value, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control of Tussilago farfara L. (coltsfoot). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 267, 113478.
- Chen, S.L., Yu, H., Luo, H.M., Wu, Q., Li, C.F., & Steinmetz, A. (2016). Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese Medicine, 11, 37.
- Chen, Y., Han, T., Rui, Y., Yin, M., Qin, L., & Zheng, H. (2005). Effects of total triterpenes of Centella asiatica on the corticosterone levels in serum and contents of monoamine in depression rat brain. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 28(6), 492-496.
- Chevallier, A. (1996). The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.
- Cho, J., Kim, H. M., Ryu, J. H., Jeong, Y. S., Lee, Y. S., & Jin, C. (2005). Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of the ethyl acetate fraction prepared from Tussilago farfara L. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28(3), 455-460.
- Coy-Herbert, P. (2002). Herbal composition as a substitute for tobacco products. US Patent US 6497234 (Cl. 131-352; A61K35/78).
- Dey, A. & De, J. N. (2011). Ethnobotanical aspects of Rauvolfia serpentina (L). Benth. ex Kurz. in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(2), 144-150.
- Dhawan, K., Kumar, S., & Sharma, A. (2002). Suppression of alcohol-cessationoriented hyper-anxiety by the benzoflavone moiety of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81(2), 239-244.
- Dhawan, K., Kumar, S., & Sharma, A. (2002). Reversal of cannabinoids (Δ9-THC) by the benzoflavone moiety from methanol extract of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus in mice: A possible therapy for cannabinoid addiction. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 54(6), 875-881.
- Dubey, T., & Chinnathambi, S. (2019). Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri): An ayurvedic herb against the Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 676, 108153.
- EghbaliFeriz, S., Taleghani, A., & Tayarani-Najaran, Z. (2018). Central nervous system diseases and Scutellaria: A review of current mechanism studies. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 102, 185-195.
- Firoozeei, T. S., Feizi, A., Rezaeizadeh, H., Zargaran, A., Roohafza, H. R., & Karimi, M. (2021). The antidepressant effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.): systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 59, 102679.
- Gaire, B. P., & Subedi, L. (2013). A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 11(2), 73-79.
- Gohil, K. J., Patel, J. A., & Gajjar, A. K. (2010). Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: a potential herbal cure-all. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(5), 546.
- Gorinova, N. I., Atanassov, A. I., & Velcheva, M. P. (1999). Physochlaina species: In vitro culture and the production of physochlaine and other tropane alkaloids. In N. Gorinova, A. Atanassov, and M. Velcheva (Eds.), Medicinal and aromatic plants XI (pp. 350-363). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- Grauso, L., de Falco, B., Motti, R., & Lanzotti, V. (2021). Corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas L.: A critical review of its botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytochemistry Reviews, 20(1), 227-248.
- Guerrero, F. A., & Medina, G. M. (2017). Effect of a medicinal plant (Passiflora incarnata L) on sleep. Sleep Science, 10(3), 96-100.
- Gupta, M., Mazumder, U. K., Chakraborti, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rath, N., & Bhawal, S. R. (1997). Antiepileptic and anticancer activity of some indigenous plants. Indian Journal of Physiology and Allied Sciences, 51, 53-56.
- Halder, S., Anand, U., Nandy, S., Oleksak, P., Qusti, S., Alshammari, E. M., & Dey, A. (2021). Herbal drugs and natural bioactive products as potential therapeutics: A review on pro-cognitives and brain boosters perspectives. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 29(8), 879-907.
- Hanrahan, C., & Rebecca, J.F. (2005). The Gale encyclopaedia of alternative medicine (Vol 3). L-R. Detoit: Thomson Gale.
- Hwang, J. H., Kumar, V. R., Kang, S. Y., Jung, H. W., & Park, Y. K. (2018). Effects of flower buds extract of Tussilago farfara on focal cerebral Ischemia in rats and inflammatory response in BV2 microglia. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 24(11), 844-852.
- Khan, A. U., & Gilani, A. H. (2011). Blood pressure lowering, cardiovascular inhibitory and bronchodilatory actions of Achillea millefolium. Phytotherapy Research, 25(4), 577-583.
- Khazdair, M. R., Boskabady, M. H., Hosseini, M., Rezaee, R., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2015). The effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) and its constituents on nervous system: A review. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 5(5), 376.
- Kim, M., Nam, E. S., Lee, Y., & Kang, H. J. (2021). Effects of lavender on anxiety, depression, and physiological parameters: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Nursing Research, 15(5), 279-290.
- Kuchta, K., Hladikova, M., Thomsen, M., Nahrstedt, A., & Schmidt, M. (2021). Kava (Piper methysticum) extract for the treatment of nervous anxiety, tension and restlessness. Drug research, 71(02), 83-93.
- Kwiecień, I., Miceli, N., D'Arrigo, M., Marino, A., & Ekiert, H. (2022). Antioxidant potential and enhancement of bioactive metabolite production in in vitro cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. by biotechnological methods. Molecules, 27(3), 1140.
- LaPorte, E., Sarris, J., Stough, C., & Scholey, A. (2011). Neurocognitive effects of kava (Piper methysticum): A systematic review. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 26(2), 102-111.
- Li, C. X., Song, X. Y., Zhao, W. Y., Yao, G. D., Lin, B., Huang, X. X., & Song, S. J. (2019). Characterization of enantiomeric lignanamides from Solanum nigrum L. and their neuroprotective effects against MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells injury. Phytochemistry, 161, 163-171.
- Li, Y., Pham, V., Bui, M., Song, L., Wu, C., Walia, A., & Zi, X. (2017). Rhodiola rosea L.: an herb with anti-stress, anti-aging, and immunostimulating properties for cancer chemoprevention. Current Pharmacology Reports, 3(6), 384-395.
- Liu, X., Yue, R., Zhang, J., Shan, L., Wang, R., & Zhang, W. (2013). Neuroprotective effects of bacopaside I in ischemic brain injury. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 31(2), 109-123.
- Mao, J. J., Xie, S. X., Zee, J., Soeller, I., Li, Q. S., Rockwell, K., & Amsterdam, J. D. (2015). Rhodiola rosea versus sertraline for major depressive disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine, 22(3), 394-399.
- Mélikoff, I. (1996). From God of Heaven to king of men: Popular Islam among Turkic tribes from Central Asia to Anatolia. Religion, State and Society: The Keston Journal, 24(2-3), 133-138.
- Misra, L., & Wagner, H. (2007). Extraction of bioactive principles from Mucuna pruriens seeds. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 44, 56-60.
- Molina‐Hernandez, M., Tellez‐Alcantara, N. P., Diaz, M. A., Garcia, J. P., Lopez, J. O., & Jaramillo, M. T. (2004). Anticonflict actions of aqueous extracts of flowers of Achillea millefolium L. vary according to the estrous cycle phases in Wistar rats. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 18(11), 915-920.
- Müller, W. E., Sillani, G., Schuwald, A., & Friedland, K. (2021). Pharmacological basis of the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of Silexan®, an essential oil from the flowers of lavender. Neurochemistry International, 143, 104899.
- Mzabri, I., Addi, M., & Berrichi, A. (2019). Traditional and modern uses of saffron (Crocus sativus). Cosmetics, 6(4), 63.
- Nandhini, S., Narayanan, K. B., & Ilango, K. (2018). Valeriana officinalis: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Asian Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, 11(1), 36-41.
- Nile, S. H., Nile, A., Gansukh, E., Baskar, V., & Kai, G. (2019). Subcritical water extraction of withanosides and withanolides from ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L) and their biological activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 132, 110659.
- Oh, J. H., Ha, I. J., Lee, M. Y., Kim, E. O., Park, D., Lee, J. H., ... & Kim, C. K. (2018). Identification and metabolite profiling of alkaloids in aerial parts of Papaver rhoeas by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Separation Science, 41(12), 2517-2527.
- Orhan, I. E. (2021). A review focused on molecular mechanisms of anxiolytic effect of Valerina officinalis L. in connection with its phytochemistry through in vitro/in vivo studies. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 27(28), 3084-3090.
- Osanloo, N., Najafi-Abedi, A., Jafari, F., Javid, F., Pirpiran, M., Jafari, M. R. M., & Sahraei, H. (2016). Papaver rhoeas L. hydroalcoholic extract exacerbates forced swimming test-induced depression in mice. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 7(3), 195.
- Panchal, M. A., Murti, K., & Lambole, V. (2010). Pharmacological properties of Verbascum thapsus: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 5, 73-77.
- Patel, S., Saleem, T. M., Ravi, V., Shrestha, B., Verma, N., & Gauthaman, K. (2009). Passiflora incarnata Linn: A phytopharmacological review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 3(4), 277-280.
- Pathak-Gandhi, N., & Vaidya, A. D. (2017). Management of Parkinson's disease in Ayurveda: Medicinal plants and adjuvant measures. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 197, 46-51.
- Pattanaik, C., Reddy, S., & Reddy, K. N. (2009). Ethno-medicinal Survey of Threatened Plants in Eastern Ghats, India. Our Nature, 7, 122-128.
- Peredery, O., & Persinger, M. A. (2004). Herbal treatment following post‐seizure induction in rat by lithium pilocarpine: Scutellaria lateriflora (Skullcap), Gelsemium sempervirens (Gelsemium) and Datura stramonium (Jimson Weed) may prevent development of spontaneous seizures. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 18(9), 700-705.
- Perez G, R. M., Perez L, J. A., Garcia D, L. M., & Sossa M, H. (1998). Neuropharmacological activity of Solanum nigrum fruit. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 62(1), 43-48.
- Pittler, M. H., & Ernst, E. (2000). Efficacy of kava extract for treating anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(1), 84-89.
- Prakash, V., Jaiswal, N. I. S. H. I. T. A., & Srivastava, M. R. I. N. A. L. (2017). A review on medicinal properties of Centella asiatica. Asian Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Research 10(10), 69.
- Rodriguez-Landa, J. F., & Contreras, C. M. (2003). A review of clinical and experimental observations about antidepressant actions and side effects produced by Hypericum perforatum extracts. Phytomedicine, 10(8), 688-699.
- Saki, K., Bahmani, M., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Hassanzadazar, H., Dehghan, K., Bahmani, F., & Asadzadeh, J. (2014). The most common native medicinal plants used for psychiatric and neurological disorders in Urmia city, northwest of Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 4, S895-S901.
- Saleem, S., Muhammad, G., Hussain, M. A., Altaf, M., & Bukhari, S. N. A. (2020). Withania somnifera L.: Insights into the phytochemical profile, therapeutic potential, clinical trials, and future prospective. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 23(12), 1501.
- Sanchez, M., Burgos, E. G., Iglesias, I., & Gomez-Serranillos, M. P. (2021). Updating the biological interest of Valeriana officinalis. Mediterrian Botany, 42, e70280.
- Sathiyanarayanan, L., & Arulmozhi, S. (2007). Mucuna pruriens Linn. -A comprehensive review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 1(1), 157-162.
- Shalini, V. T., Neelakanta, S. J., & Sriranjini, J. S. (2021). Neuroprotection with Bacopa monnieri A review of experimental evidence. Molecular Biology Reports, 48(3), 2653-2668.
- Sharma, A., Sharma, R.K., & Sharma, S.S. (2021). A comparable stimulation of seed germination by gibberellic acid and sodium nitroprusside in Hyoscyamus niger L., a threatened medicinal herb, from Spiti (Himachal Pradesh). The Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 101(3), 194-203. doi: 10.5958/2455-7218.2021.00029.2
- Singh, Y. N., & Singh, N. N. (2002). Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders. CNS Drugs, 16(11), 731-743.
- Sharma, S., & Sharma, R.K. (2010). Long-term storage-dependent changes in seed physiological aspects of Hyoscyamus niger from a cold desert region of Trans- Himalaya. International Journal of Plant Biology, 1(2), e17: 84-88. https://doi.org/10.4081/pb.2010.e17.
- Singh, S. K., Srivastav, S., Castellani, R. J., Plascencia-Villa, G., & Perry, G. (2019). Neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of Ginkgo biloba extract against AD and other neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 16(3), 666-674.
- Talebi, M., Talebi, M., & Samarghandian, S. (2021). Association of Crocus sativus with cognitive dysfunctions and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(1), 7468-7492.
- Wannang, N. N., Anuka, J. A., Kwanashie, H. O., Gyang, S., & Auta, A. (2008). Antiseizure activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Solanum nigrum linn (solanaceae) in experimental animals. African Health Sciences, 8(2). 74-79.
- Whiting, P. F., Wolff, R. F., Deshpande, S., Di Nisio, M., Duffy, S., Hernandez, A. V., & Kleijnen, J. (2015). Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Jama, 313(24), 2456-2473.
- Xie, L., Zhu, Q., & Lu, J. (2022). Can we use Ginkgo biloba extract to treat Alzheimer's disease? Lessons from preclinical and clinical studies. Cells, 11(3), 479.
- Yadav, S. R.,. Biyani, D. M., & Umekar, M. J. (2020). Review on Rhodiola: A wonder herb solo. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(6), 293-313.
- Yuan, Q., Wang, C. W., Shi, J., & Lin, Z. X. (2017). Effects of Ginkgo biloba on dementia: An overview of systematic reviews. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 195, 1-9.
- Zanoli P., & Zavatti, M. (2008). Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116(3), 383-396.
Abstract Views: 290
PDF Views: 0