International Journal of Nursing Education

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Care of Schizophrenic Patient is a Burden among Primary Caregivers: Review Article


Affiliations
1 Head, Psychiatric Nursing,Shree Devi College of Nursing, Mangalore
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Background: Caregiver is the person who involves in direct care for schizophrenic patient. However, when care is provided for long time, caregiver may experiences the burden.

Purpose: The purpose was to critically review the studies related to burden among caregivers of schizophrenic patients.

Method: A literatures were searched from databases: Pubmed, CINAHL, and Science Direct. Key words used to retrieve literature include caregiver burden and schizophrenic patient. Searching was limited in English language, full text article.

Results: Fifteen studies were reviewed in this paper. The result showed that the caregivers caring for patients with schizophrenia experience burden. Burden was defined as a negative impact of caring for the impaired person experienced by caregiver on their activity (objective burden) or feeling (subjective burden) that involves emotional, physical health, social life, and financial status.

Conclusion: Definition of burden has quite same meaning. Most of studies cannot be generalized due to small sample used in the study and that too conducted in western countries. For further research, the correlation between burden and resources of family caregiver should be investigated particularly in Asian country especially in India.

Recommendations: Psycho education, relaxation techniques, positive coping strategies are needed to reduce the burden among caregivers.


Keywords

Burden On Family Caregiver, Primary Caregiver, Caring, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Patient.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Clark R, Drake R. Expenditures of time and money by families of people with severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Community Ment Health J 1994,30: 145-163.

  • Levine SA, Barry PP. Home care. In: Cassel CK, Leipzig RM, Cohen HJ, Larson EB, Meier DE, Capello CF, eds. Geriatric Medicine: An Evidence- Based Approach. 4th ed. New York, NY: Springer- Verlag New York; 2003.

  • Clement, S., Gerber, D., & McGuire, S. L. Comprehensive community health nursing: Family aggregate and community practice. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.1995.

  • Caqueo-Urizar, A., & Gutierrez-Maldonaldo, J. Burden of care in families of patients with schizophrenia. Quality of Life Research, 2006, 15, 719-724.

  • Caqueo-Urizar, A., Gutierrez-Maldonaldo, J., & Miranda-Castillo, C. Quality of life in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A literature review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2009, 7(84), 1-5.

  • Gelder MG, Lopez-Ibor JJ, Andreasen NC. New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000: 567-621.

  • Harris MG, Henry LP, Harrigan SM, et al. The relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome: an eight-year prospective study. Schizophr Res 2005; 79: 85-93.

  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2002.

  • Chou, K. R . Caregiver burden: A concept analysis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing,2000, 15, 398-399

  • Platt, S. Measuring the burden of psychiatric illness on the family: An evaluation of some rating scales. Psychology Medicine,1985, 15, 383-393.

  • Rafiyah I , Sutharangsee W. Review: Burden on Family Caregivers Caring for Patients with Schizophrenia and Its Related Factors. Nurse media journal of nursing. 1,1, January 2011, 29 – 41.

  • Awad AG, Voruganti LN. The burden of schizophrenia on caregivers: a review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2008;26(2):149-62.

  • Creado D, shubangir R, Parkar, Kamath R.A comparison of level of functioning in chronic schizophrenia with coping and burden in caregivers. Indian J of psychiatry.2006.48:27-33.

  • Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos. Global burden of schizophrenia in the year 2000:version 1 estimates. World health organization.

  • Assen Jablensky. Epidemiology of schizophrenia: the global burden of disease and disability. European archives of psychiatry and neuro science. 2000, Vol.250, no: 6, 274-85.

  • Brady N, McCain GC. Living with schizophrenia: a family perspective. Online J Issues Nurs 2004;10:7.

  • Prashant Talwar, Shevonne Tresa Matheiken. Caregivers in schizophrenia: A cross cultural perspective. Indian journal of psychological medicine. 2010. Vol : 32, Issue : 1, Page : 29-33.

  • Andren, Signe, Elmstahl, Solve. The relationship between caregiver burden, caregivers perceived health and their sense of coherence in caring for elders with dementia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2008; 17:6:790-799.

  • Jan Shah A , Wadoo O and Latoo J. Psychological Distress in Carers of People with Mental Disorders. : BJMP 2010; 3:3:327.

  • Brown G, Bone M, Dalison B, Wing J. Schizophrenia and social care. London: Oxford University Press; 1966.

  • Davis AE, Dinitz S, Pasaminick. Schizophrenics in the new custodial community. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press; 1974.

  • Doll W. Family coping with the mentally ill: an unanticipated problem of de-institutionalization. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1976;27:183–5.

  • Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry. The chronic mental patient in the community. New York: Mental Health Materials Center; 1978. p. 281–379.

  • Freeman H, Simmons O. The mental patient comes home. New York: Wiley and Sons; 1963.

  • Herz MI, Endicott J, Spitzer RL. Brief versus standard hospitalization: the families. Am J Psychiatry 1976;133: 795–801.

  • Hoenig J, Hamilton MW. The schizophrenic patient in the community and his effect on the household. Int J Soc Psychiatry 1966;12:165–76.

  • Myers J, Bean L. A decade later: a follow-up of social class and mental illness. New York: Wiley and Sons; 1968.

  • Thompson E, Doll W. The burden of families coping with the mentally ill: an invisible crises. Fam Relations 1982;31:379–88.

  • Kreisman DE, Joy VD. Family response to the mental illness of a relative: a review of the literature. Schizophr Bull 1974;10: 34–57.

  • Hatfield AB. Coping and adaptation: a conceptual framework for understanding families. In: Hatfield AB, Lefley HP, editors. Families of the mentally ill. New York: Guilford; 1987. p.60–84.

  • Worried, Tired and Alone…A Report of Mental Health Carers’ Issues in WA, 2003. Available at http://www.carerswa.asn.au/uploadedfiles/ Mental% 20Health% 20Research% 20Report% 20Dec% 202003.pdf, accessed April 17, 2006.

  • Yusuf A J, Nuhu FT, Akinbiyi A .Caregiver burden among relatives of patients with schizophrenia in Katsina, Nigeria. South African Journal of Psychiatry. 2009. Vol.15. no.2. 43-47.

  • Wageeh Abdel - Nasser Hassan, Ikram Ibraheem Mohamed, Amira Ezzat Abd Elnaser ,Nadia Ebraheim Sayed. Burden and coping strategies in caregivers of schizophrenic patients, journal of American science, 2011, 7:5:802-11.

  • Grandón P, Jenaro C, Lemos S. primary caregivers of schizophrenic out patient: burden and predictor variables, psychiatry res. 2008, apr 15:158:3,335-43

  • Kumari S, Singh AR, . Verma AN, Verma P. K., Chaudhury S. subjective burden on spouses of schizophrenic patient. Industrial psychiatry journal.

  • Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar, José Gutiérrez- Maldonado, Marta Ferrer-García, Claudia Peñaloza-Salazar, David Richards-Araya, Alejandro Cuadra-Peralta. Attitude and burden in relatives of patient with schizophrenia in middle income country. BMC family practice. 2011, 12:101

  • Provencher H L. objective burden among primary caregivers of persons with chronic schizophrenia. Indian j psychiatric mental health nursing. 1996. Jun 3 (3): 181-7

  • Rammohan A, Kiran Rao, Subbakrishna D... burden and coping in caregivers of persons with schizophrenia, K Indian J psy . 2002, 44:3, 220-27

  • Creado D A, Parkar S R, Kamath R M. a comparison of level of functioning in chronic schizophrenia with coping and burden in caregivers, Indian J psychiatry, 2006, 48:1:27-33

  • Srivastava S. perception of burden by caregivers of patient with schizophrenia, Indian J psychiatry. 2005, 47:3:148-52

  • Roick C, Heider D, Bebbington PE, Angermeyer MC, Azorinn JM, Brugha TS, Killian R, Johnson S, Toumi, Kornfeld. Burden on caregivers of people with schizophrenia: comparison between germany and Britian. British J Psychiatry, 2007, 190:333-38.

  • Anthony Sefasi , Niall Crumlish, Prince Samalani , Anthony Kinsella , Eadbhard O’Callaghan, Harris Chilale. A little knowledge: caregivers burden in schizophrenia in Malawi, social psychiatry, psychiatry epidemiology, 2007.

  • Shu-Ying Hou, Chiao-Li Khale Ke, Ching Su, For- Wey Lung, Chun-Jen Huang. Exploring the burden of the primary family caregivers of schizophrenic patients in Taiwan, psychiatry and clinical neuro science, 2008, 62:508-14.

  • Nirmala B P, Vranda M. N, Reddy S. expressed emotions and caregivers burden in patient with schizophrenia, Indian J psychological medicine, 2011, jul-dec 33:2:119-22


Abstract Views: 1220

PDF Views: 0




  • Care of Schizophrenic Patient is a Burden among Primary Caregivers: Review Article

Abstract Views: 1220  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

N Balasubramanian
Head, Psychiatric Nursing,Shree Devi College of Nursing, Mangalore

Abstract


Background: Caregiver is the person who involves in direct care for schizophrenic patient. However, when care is provided for long time, caregiver may experiences the burden.

Purpose: The purpose was to critically review the studies related to burden among caregivers of schizophrenic patients.

Method: A literatures were searched from databases: Pubmed, CINAHL, and Science Direct. Key words used to retrieve literature include caregiver burden and schizophrenic patient. Searching was limited in English language, full text article.

Results: Fifteen studies were reviewed in this paper. The result showed that the caregivers caring for patients with schizophrenia experience burden. Burden was defined as a negative impact of caring for the impaired person experienced by caregiver on their activity (objective burden) or feeling (subjective burden) that involves emotional, physical health, social life, and financial status.

Conclusion: Definition of burden has quite same meaning. Most of studies cannot be generalized due to small sample used in the study and that too conducted in western countries. For further research, the correlation between burden and resources of family caregiver should be investigated particularly in Asian country especially in India.

Recommendations: Psycho education, relaxation techniques, positive coping strategies are needed to reduce the burden among caregivers.


Keywords


Burden On Family Caregiver, Primary Caregiver, Caring, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Patient.

References