HIV and Zonke-bonke Syndrome in Mthatha Region of South Africa:Case Reports

Background: South Africa is described as an African rainbow nation, not only in the color of its population, but also in the mixture of HIV infection. Three varieties of HIV infection have been distinguished: HIV-1, HIV-2, and a combination of the two. This is a matter of concern.

Objective: To highlight the problem of HIV-1 and HIV-2 (combined) infection in the Mthatha region of South Africa.

Case History: The first four cases of HIV-1/2 mixed infection were reported within a period of one year (2009). These cases were reported at Sinawe Center when people were examined after being sexually assaulted. HIV screening tests were carried out for HIV infection. Four patients were found to be positive for both HIV1 and 2. Surprisingly, one was a child of eight years old. Multiple sexual partners who were involved at some or other time with West Africans who harbored type 2 HIV could be the cause of this mixed infection. This kind of promiscuous behavior with multiple partners is called “Zonke-bonke syndrome”. The history, mode of transmission of HIV infection, and the consequences of mixed HIV infections are discussed in this case report.

Conclusion: HIV-1 and HIV-2 (mixed) infection occurs in the Mthatha region of South Africa. It is a matter of serious concern.