The Relationship between Nutrient Intake and Blood Glucose Levels of Male High School Students in Madiun City

Introduction: Macro nutrients consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and micronutrients are instrumental in the incidence of obesity and diabetes. Micro nutrient substances that play a role in this situation include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc which are important elements for synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between nutrient intake and blood glucose levels in male high school students.

Method: The study used a cross sectional design. A total of 103 male high school students with overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and underweight condition (BMI<18) were recruited as the respondents. Data collection on nutrient intake was carried out by conducting interviews three times using food models. The amount of food intake was calculated using the Nutri Survey SEAMEO-TROPMED RCCN Indonesia University application. Blood glucose levels were determined by measuring fasting blood glucose levels. Statistical analysis was performed with Pearson correlation test on normally distributed data and with Spearman rank test on abnormally distributed data.

Findings: The findings showed the relationship of energy intake (r = 0.344, p = 0.000), protein (r = 0.202, p = 0.041), fats (r = 0.297, p = 0.002), carbohydrates (r = 0.292, p = 0.048), vitamin A (r = -0.097, p = 0.331), vitamin C (r = -0.140, p = 0.158), vitamin D (r = 0.287, p = 0.046), vitamin E (r = 0.015, p = 0.880), zinc (r = -0.003, p = 0.976) with blood glucose levels. The average blood glucose level was 94.45 ± 18.09 g / dl, energy intake 1984.38 ± 289.32 Cal, protein 74.69 ± 14.42 gr, fat 82.03 ± 19.17 gr, carbohydrates 238.49 ± 44.47 gr, vitamin A 671.76 ± 785.65 ug, vitamin C 21.64 ± 34.18 mg, vitamin D 1.66 ± 2.13 ug, vitamin E 4.96 ± 1, 89 mg, zinc 7.34 ± 1.73 mg.

Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings highlight that there is a significant relationship between energy intake, protein, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamin D with blood glucose levels in male high school students. While vitamin A, vitamin C, and zinc have no significant relationship.