Levels of Interleukins Associated with Retinopathy in Sera of Iraqi Diabetic Patients

The current study was carried out in Baghdad-Iraq from March to November 2018 and included 110 participant (50 patients with diabetic retinopathy, 35 without diabetic retinopathy and 25 healthy control). Diabetic patients who attended who attended specialized center for Endocrinology and diabetes in Baghdad city, all diabetic retinopathy were diagnosis by specialist ophthalmologist, control group was from blood donors who haven’t any chronic disorders. Patient other ocular, patients with previous vitrectomy, other ocular surgery were excluded from the study. Blood sample were collected from each participant in the study for determination of HbA1c, Interleukin-12 and IFN- γ levels. The study demonstrated that 29 (58%) of patients with diabetes retinopathy were males compared with 21(42%) were females, 15(42.86%) of diabetes patients without retinopathy were males compared with 10(57.14%) were females, so mean age of diabetes retinopathy patients was 55.5 ± 1.1 year while 42.8 ± 2.1 year in diabetes without retinopathy (P<0.01). The study found that of 28 (56%) of patients with diabetes retinopathy were suffered from type I diabetes compared with 22(44%) were with type II diabetes, and found that 6 (24%) of diabetes patients without retinopathy were with type I diabetes compared with 19 (76%) were with type II diabetes (P<0.01). The Group 1 shower highest mean of duration of diabetes (15 ± 4.2 year) compared with Group 2 (9.1 ± 5.2 year) (P<0.01). The study also demonstrated that mean of HbA1c was significantly (p<0.00 elevated in Group 1 followed by Group 2 and the lowest mean was in the control group (Group 3). The study found that interleukin-12 level was significantly elevated (P<0.01) in patients with diabetes retinopathy (44.03 ± 15.12 pg/ml) followed by diabetics without retinopathy (40.01 ± 22.3 pg/ml) and the lowest mean was in the control group (23.05 ± 2.1 pg/ml). The highest mean of IFN-γ was in diabetic retinopathy (39.21 ± 2.3pg/ml) followed by diabetics without retinopathy (23.22 ± 2.99 pg/ml) and the lowest mean was in the control group (8.92 ± 1.8 pg/ml) (P<0.01).