Epidemiology of Osteoporosis: A Case-Control Study among the Pre and Post Menopausal women of Allahabad District

Osteoporosis is a bone disorder which is a prevalent global public health problem associated with compelling morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic burden. This disorder can be prevented and treated if diagnosed early and accurately. This study was conducted among the pre and post-menopausal women of Allahabad District aged between 35-65 years to observe the strength of association between the risk factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis. A total number of 316 respondents were screened through P-DEXA scan in a hospital based free BMD check-up camps and a WHO guideline for the diagnosis of osteoporosis was used to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in the selected respondents. Diagnosed patients of osteoporosis were identified as cases (N=84) while controls (N=84) of the study were free from less bone mineral density. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information regarding behavioral, Anthropometric, Clinical and genetic risk factors of the osteoporosis.The finding shows that 27.22 percent women were normal while 46.2 percent had osteopenia and 26.58 percent had osteoporosis. The study shows the strong association of different risk factors like lack of physical activity (OR= 3.003), high consumption of tea/coffee (OR=1.437), less exposure to sun light (OR=2.608), obesity (OR=1.3125), large body frame (OR=1.313), poor hand grip strength (OR=1.819), prior history of fracture (OR=2.426) and maternal history of fracture (OR=7.604) with the prevalence of osteoporosis. This study recommended a healthy life style pattern in the daily life as osteoporosis is highly preventable disease and most of the associated risk factors are modifiable.