Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Utility of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) as a Tool to Monitor the Immunization Services by Local Managers in Developing Countries
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Purpose: To find out how Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) method is useful to monitor immunization services by local managers at Primary Health Centre level.
Objectives:
1. To identify the areas of low coverage of immunization under selected PHC's
2. To find various reasons for immunization failure in areas with low coverage
Methods: Study design: Lot quality assurance sampling method.
Study setting: Rural area.
Sample size: 338 children 12-23 months of age.
Results: LQAS is a useful method for routine monitoring of immunization services on a small area basis, especially as the overall coverage increases. In the present study, it helped us to identify the areas with low coverage seen in 4 Subcentres out of 13 studied. The overall immunization coverage was 86.01 % and the dropout rate was 8.66 %.The predominant reasons for immunization failure were mother out of village on scheduled day of vaccination and unaware to return for next dose.
Conclusions: The lot quality assurance sampling method helps the medical officers of PHC to identify areas with low vaccination coverage. This helps us to direct interventions in these areas on priority basis when resources are limited as in developing countries.
Keywords
- Park K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine. M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, 18th Edition, Jan 2005:342
- Duclos P, Okwo-Bele JM, Gacic-Dobo M, Cherian T-Global immunization: Status, Progress, Challenges and Future, BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2009; 9:S2
- Regional Consultative Workshop on Multiyear strategic Plan for UIP in India: GOI and WHO.
- Youssef Tawfik, Shamsul Hoque & Mizan Siddiqui- Using lot quality assurance sampling to monitor immunization coverage in Bangladesh; Bulletin of World Health Organization, 2001; 79: 501-505.
- Jagvir Singh MD, R.S. Sharma MBBS, R.K.Goel MBBS and T.Verghese MD concurrent evaluation of immunization programme by Lot Quality Assurance sampling.
- Robertson SE et.al. The lot quality technique: a global review of applications in the assessment of health services and disease surveillance. World Health Statistics Quarterly, 1997; 50:199-209.
- Mark Myatt, Hans Limburg & Damson Katyola- Field trial of applicability of lot quality assurance sampling survey method for rapid assessment of prevalence of active trachoma, Bulletin of World Health Organization, 2003; 81: 877-885.
- Singh J. et.al. Evaluation of immunization coverage by lot quality assurance sampling compared with 30 cluster sampling in a primary Health Centre in India; Bulletin of World Health Organization, 1996; 74: 269-27.
- Murthy B.N et.al. Lot quality assurance sampling for monitoring immunization coverage in Madras city. Indian Pediatrics, 1999; Vol.2: 555.
- The EPI Coverage Survey- Training for Mid level Managers (MLM) - WHO/IVB/08.07, 3-4.
- Monitoring Immunization services using the lot quality technique, World Health Organization, 1996 (Unpublished document) WHO/VRD/ TRAM/96.01
- Training module for mid-level managers-VII; Immunization strengthening project; Monitor & Evaluate immunization services-2001; GOI; Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi.
- National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06:Maharashtra.Mumbai: IIPS. Availablefrom:http://www.nfhsindia.org/ NFHS3%20Data/Maharashtra_report.pdf
- Valadez JJ, Brown LD, Vargas WV, Morley D. Using Lot quality assurance sampling to assess measurements for growth monitoring in a developing country’s Primary Health Care System. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25:381-7.
- Jutand M, Salamon R. Lot Quality Assurance Sampling: Methods and Applications in public Health. Rev Epidemiol Sante Purlieu 2000; 48: 401-8.
- Punith K, Lalitha K, Suman G, Pradeep BS, Jayanth Kumar K. Evaluation of Primary Immunization Coverage of infants under Universal Immunization Programme in an urban area of Bangalore City using Cluster sampling and Lot Quality Assurance sampling techniques; Indian J of Community Medicine 2008; 33: 151-155.
- Singh J, Sharma RS,Goel RK, Verghese T. Concurrent evaluation of immunization programme by Lot Quality Assurance Sampling. J Trop Pediatrics 1995; 41: 215-20.
- Lanata CF, Stroh G Jr, Black RE, Gonales H. An evaluation of Lot quality assurance sampling to monitor and improve immunization coverage. Int J Epidemiol 1990; 19: 1086-90.
- Singh J, Jain DC, Sharma RS, Verghese T. Further observations on comparison of immunization coverage by Lot Quality Assurance Sampling and 30 Cluster sampling. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1996; 27: 267-73.
- Stacy Hoshaw- Woodard, description and comparison of the Methods of Cluster Sampling and Lot Quality Assurance sampling to assess Immunization Coverage. WHO, Geneva. 2001.
- Marcello Pagano, Joseph J Valadez. Commentary: Understanding practical lot quality assurance sampling. International Journal of Epidemiology Volume39, Issue1 Pg. 69-71.
- Saravanan Sivasankaran, P. Manickam, R. Ramakrishnan, Y. Hutin, M.D. Gupte. Estimation of Measles Vaccination Coverage Using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) Method — Tamilnadu, India, 2002—2003, CDC-MWMRApril 28, 2006 / 55(SUP01); 16-19.
Abstract Views: 523
PDF Views: 0