Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Dental Survey of Children in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India


Affiliations
1 Department of Pedodontic and Preventive dentistry, NIMS Dental College ,NIMS University, Shobha Nagar Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
2 Department of Community Dentistry, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
3 Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
4 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Objectives: A study was conducted in Jaipur, Rajasthan. The objectives were to determine (1) the oral health status (caries and fluorosis experience) and treatment needs of children in Jaipur, (2) the fluoride concentration in drinking water sources in Jaipur, and (3) possible caries risk factors.

Materials and method: Children aged 6 and 12 years from four socio-demographic areas were targeted in this study. Schools were stratified on the basis of socio-demographic status: rural, urban-upper middle class, -lower middle class, and -lower class. A total of 1600 children aged 6 and 12 years, that is, 400 in each of the socio-demographic classes constituted the sample size of study. Dental caries and fluorosis experience was determined according to WHO guidelines. A questionnaire was completed by the 12-year-olds to obtain information on oral health behaviour and exposure to caries risk factors.

Results: The mean dmft scores for 6-year-olds was 1.01 and 60% were caries-free. The equivalent DMFT scores for 12-year-olds were 0.50 and 72%, respectively. Fluorosis prevalence (very mild or more) was 51.5%. The results of the multiple variable logistic regression analysis indicated that most degrees of fluorosis were associated with significantly less caries experience compared with no fluorosis (ORs of 0.56 or less). Socio-demographic status was also a significant independent predictor of caries experience of caries. Compared with rural children, urban-upper middle class children were more than 50% likely to experience one or more DMFT (OR=1.56).

Conclusions: Caries experience in the primary and permanent dentitions of children is lower than the goals set by National Oral Health Care Programme (NOHCP). High levels of fluorosis are probably due to high levels of fluoride naturally occurring in drinking water (1.25-2.5 mg/L) in urban and rural area respectively, and this indicate that further control of dental caries in Jaipur must be achieved by means other than water fluoridation. Urban children are more likely to experience caries compared with rural children because of easy access to a rich sugar diet.


Keywords

Dental Caries, Dental Fluorosis, Caries Risk
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Bose A (2001). Health for the millions, Population Scan, First results of census of India.

  • Department of Family Welfare (2003). Bulletin on Rural Health Statistics in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.

  • Marthaler TM. Changes in the prevalence of dental caries: how much can be attributed to changes in diet? Diet, nutrition and dental caries. Caries Research 1990;24(suppl 1):3-15.

  • Rugg-Gunn AJ (1993). Nutrition and dental health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (1995). National Oral Health Policy. Fourth conference of Central Council of Health and Family Welfare - Proceedings and Resolutions. New Delhi: Government of India.

  • Lal S, Paul D, Pankaj, Vikas, Vashisht BM. National Oral Health Care Programme (NOHCP) Implementation Strategies. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2004;29(1).

  • Parkash H, Shah N (Editors) (Undated). National oral health care programme implementation strategies. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.

  • Bali RK, Mathur VB, Tewari A, Jayna P (1994). National Oral Health Policy. Dental Council of India.

  • Shiv Chandra, “Endemic fluorosis in Rajasthan”, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajasthan chapter, Conference, S. P. Medical College, Bikaner. 1983.

  • Shetty NS, Tandon S. Prevalence of dental caries as related to risk factors in schoolchildren of south Kanara. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry1988;6:30-7.

  • Chawla HS, Gauba K, Goyal A. Trend of dental caries in children of Chandigarh over the last sixteen years.Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry 2000;18: 41-45.

  • Acharya S, Anuradha KP. Correlation between water fluoride levels and dental caries in Davangere district, India. Indian Journal of Dental Research 2003;14:146-51.

  • Kuriakose S, Joseph E.Caries prevalence and its relation to socio-economic status and oral hygiene practices in 600 pre-school children of Kerala India. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry 1999;17: 97-100.

  • Subrata S, Subrata S. Prevalence and severity of dental caries and oral hygiene status in rural and urban areas of Calcutta. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry 1996;14:17-20.

  • Mandal KP, Tewari AB, Chawla HS, Gauba KD. Prevalence and severity of dental caries and treatment needs among population in the eastern states of India. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry 2001;19: 85-91.


Abstract Views: 458

PDF Views: 0




  • Dental Survey of Children in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract Views: 458  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Meenakshi Sharma
Department of Pedodontic and Preventive dentistry, NIMS Dental College ,NIMS University, Shobha Nagar Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Amandeep Singh
Department of Community Dentistry, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
R C Minocha
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Vishal Chhabra
Department of Community Dentistry, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Vijay Agarwal
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Tina Chugh
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract


Objectives: A study was conducted in Jaipur, Rajasthan. The objectives were to determine (1) the oral health status (caries and fluorosis experience) and treatment needs of children in Jaipur, (2) the fluoride concentration in drinking water sources in Jaipur, and (3) possible caries risk factors.

Materials and method: Children aged 6 and 12 years from four socio-demographic areas were targeted in this study. Schools were stratified on the basis of socio-demographic status: rural, urban-upper middle class, -lower middle class, and -lower class. A total of 1600 children aged 6 and 12 years, that is, 400 in each of the socio-demographic classes constituted the sample size of study. Dental caries and fluorosis experience was determined according to WHO guidelines. A questionnaire was completed by the 12-year-olds to obtain information on oral health behaviour and exposure to caries risk factors.

Results: The mean dmft scores for 6-year-olds was 1.01 and 60% were caries-free. The equivalent DMFT scores for 12-year-olds were 0.50 and 72%, respectively. Fluorosis prevalence (very mild or more) was 51.5%. The results of the multiple variable logistic regression analysis indicated that most degrees of fluorosis were associated with significantly less caries experience compared with no fluorosis (ORs of 0.56 or less). Socio-demographic status was also a significant independent predictor of caries experience of caries. Compared with rural children, urban-upper middle class children were more than 50% likely to experience one or more DMFT (OR=1.56).

Conclusions: Caries experience in the primary and permanent dentitions of children is lower than the goals set by National Oral Health Care Programme (NOHCP). High levels of fluorosis are probably due to high levels of fluoride naturally occurring in drinking water (1.25-2.5 mg/L) in urban and rural area respectively, and this indicate that further control of dental caries in Jaipur must be achieved by means other than water fluoridation. Urban children are more likely to experience caries compared with rural children because of easy access to a rich sugar diet.


Keywords


Dental Caries, Dental Fluorosis, Caries Risk

References