Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Effectiveness of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization in Management of Athletes with Gleno-Humeral Internal Rotation Deficit
Subscribe/Renew Journal
BACKGROUND: Athletes involved in overhead sports show limited ROM for internal rotation and increased external rotation. This condition of Gleno-humeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) increases risk of shoulder injuries in athletes and need active management. Current interventions include static stretching, muscle energy techniques and warm-up exercises. Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) has been hypothesized to lengthen the tissue and improve range by breaking adhesions in soft tissues, there is lack of research showing its effects in athletes with GIRD. This study explores the effectiveness of IASTM in athletes with GIRD following a three week protocol. METHODOLOGY: Thirty athletes with GIRD were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling. They received intervention of IASTM with M2T Blade for posterior shoulder musculature and capsule, on alternate days for three weeks. Pre and post-intervention measurements for gleno-humeral ROM for internal rotation, external rotation and horizontal adduction using goniometry; and Apley’s scratch test were noted. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA test. IASTM significantly improved ROM for internal rotation from 40.1±5.76 to 74.17±8.28 (p<0.001). There was significant improvement in horizontal adduction ROM from 90.47±10.12 to 105.5±8.02 (p<0.001). No significant difference was found for external rotation. Statistically significant changes were found on Apley’s scratch test as well (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Three weeks intervention of IASTM using M2T Blade is effective in improving ranges and flexibility of athletes with GIRD.
Keywords
Gleno-humeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD), Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM), Apley’s Test.
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Wilk KE, Obma P, Simpson CD, Cain EL, Dugas J, Andrews JR. Shoulder injuries in the overhead athlete. Journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2009 Feb;39(2):38-54.
- DiGiovine NM, Jobe FW, Pink M, Perry J. An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 1992 Jan 1;1(1):15-25.
- Harries, Mark; Oxford Textbook of Sports Medicine, 2nd edition, Page No. 442-51
- Laudner K, Meister K, Noel B, Deter T. Anterior glenohumeral laxity is associated with posterior shoulder tightness among professional baseball pitchers. The American journal of sports medicine. 2012 May;40(5):1133-7.
- Borsa PA, Laudner KG, Sauers EL. Mobility and stability adaptations in the shoulder of the overhead athlete. Sports medicine. 2008 Jan 1;38(1):17-36.
- Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology part II: evaluation and treatment of SLAP lesions in throwers. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2003 Jun 30;19(5):531-9.
- Struyf F, Lluch E, Falla D, Meeus M, Noten S, Nijs J. Influence of shoulder pain on muscle function: implications for the assessment and therapy of shoulder disorders. European journal of applied physiology. 2015 Feb 1;115(2):225-34.
- Heinecke ML, Thuesen ST, Stow RC. Graston technique on shoulder motion in overhead athletes. J Undergrad Kinesiol Res. 2014;10(10):27-39.
- Lintner D, Mayol M, Uzodinma O, Jones R, Labossiere D. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits in professional pitchers enrolled in an internal rotation stretching program. The American journal of sports medicine. 2007 Apr;35(4):617-21.
- Braun S, Kokmeyer D, Millett PJ. Shoulder injuries in the throwing athlete. JBJS. 2009 Apr 1;91(4):966-78.
- Kivlan BR, Carcia CR, Clemente FR, Phelps AL, Martin RL. The effect of Astym® Therapy on muscle strength: a blinded, randomized, clinically controlled trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2015 Dec 1;16(1):325.
- Baker RT, Nasypany A, Seegmiller JG, Baker JG. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization treatment for tissue extensibility dysfunction. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2013 Sep;18(5):16-21.
- Kim J, Sung DJ, Lee J. Therapeutic effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization for soft tissue injury: mechanisms and practical application. Journal of exercise rehabilitation. 2017 Feb;13(1):12.
- Lee JH, Lee DK, Oh JS. The effect of Graston technique on the pain and range of motion in patients with chronic low back pain. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(6):1852-5.
- Daniels CJ, Morrell AP. Chiropractic management of pediatric plantar fasciitis: a case report. Journal of chiropractic medicine. 2012 Mar 31;11(1):5863.
- Naik V, Koy S, Shaikh R. Comparative Study Between the Effect of Myofascial Release Using M2T Blade and Kinesiotape on Recreational Badminton Shoulder Pain Subjects: A Randomised Clinical Trial. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. 2017;6(5):1-6.
- Laudner KG, Sipes RC, Wilson JT. The acute effects of sleeper stretches on shoulder range of motion. Journal of athletic training. 2008 Jul;43(4):359-63.
- Reuther KE, Larsen R, Kuhn PD, Kelly IV JD, Thomas SJ. Sleeper stretch accelerates recovery of glenohumeral internal rotation after pitching. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 2016 Dec 1;25(12):1925-9.
- Solana-Tramunt M, Lopez-Vidriero R, Lopez-Vidriero E. Acute effect of posterior deltoid static stretching on Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit in elite swimmers after competition. A randomized trial. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018 Jun;6(6 suppl3).
- Carey MT, Hammer WI, Vincent RE. Graston technique instruction manual. Therapy Care Resources, Incorporated; 2001.
- Melham TJ, Sevier TL, Malnofski MJ, Wilson JK, Helfst JR. Chronic ankle pain and fibrosis successfully treated with a new non invasive augmented soft tissue mobilization technique (ASTM): a case report. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1998 Jun;30(6):801-4.
Abstract Views: 1027
PDF Views: 0