Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effect of Vibration on Skin Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus


Affiliations
1 Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Background: Recent researches support the use of passive vibration (PV) to increase circulation without the risk of burns. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of short duration vibration on skin blood flow (SBF) in Type 2 diabetics. Materials and Method: 18 subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus between 47-74 years of age, and 18 age matched controls between 50-75 years of age received PV on the anterior aspect of forearm and on plantar aspect of first three metatarsal heads. SBF was measured before, after and 10 minutes post vibration.

Results: There was a significant difference in the foot and forearm SBF across time for both groups. However, there was no significant difference in foot and forearm SBF across time between the groups. Greatest percent increase was seen in the diabetic foot SBF (118.53%) from baseline to end of vibration vs. non diabetic foot (37.62 %). Also, looking 10 minutes post, there was a less change in diabetic foot SBF (-15.25%) vs. non diabetic foot (-27.64%). There was only a slight increase from the start to the end of the vibration in diabetic subjects (129.78%) vs. non diabetic subjects (127.97%). There was no significant change on the foot SBF vs. the forearm at the baseline, at the end of vibration and at 10 minutes post between the groups (F=.679, P=.476).

Conclusion: The diabetes mellitus group with fair to good glucose control responded similarly to PV as compared to non-diabetes mellitus group although there was no significant difference in foot and forearm SBF across time between the groups.


Keywords

Vibration, Blood Flow, Aging, Diabetes Mellitus, Nitric Oxide
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • National Diabetes Fact Sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States [database on the Internet]2011 [cited 13 July]. Available from: http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/ statistics/.

  • Sumpio BE. Foot ulcers. N Engl J Med. 2000 Sep 14;343(11):787-93.

  • Webmed. diabetes. 2011 [cited 2011 July 13]; Available from: http://diabetes.webmd.com/ guide/type-2-diabetes.

  • Ziegler D. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1994 Dec;10(4):339-83.

  • Petrofsky J, Lee S. The effects of type 2 diabetes and aging on vascular endothelial and autonomic function. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Jun;11(6):CR 247-54.

  • Lohman EB, 3rd, Petrofsky JS, Maloney-Hinds C, Betts-Schwab H, Thorpe D. The effect of whole body vibration on lower extremity skin blood flow in normal subjects. Med Sci Monit. 2007 Feb;13(2):CR71-6.

  • Ray CA, Monahan KD. Aging attenuates the vestibulosympathetic reflex in humans. Circulation. 2002 Feb 26;105(8):956-61.

  • Watkins PJ. The diabetic foot. BMJ. 2003 May 3;326(7396):977-9.

  • Accurso V, Shamsuzzaman AS, Somers VK. Rhythms, rhymes, and reasons—spectral oscillations in neural cardiovascular control. Auton Neurosci. 2001 Jul 20;90(1-2):41-6.

  • Sagliocco L, Sartucci F, Giampietro O, Murri L. Amplitude loss of electrically and magnetically evoked sympathetic skin responses in early stages of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus without signs of dysautonomia. Clin Auton Res. 1999 Feb;9(1):5-10.

  • Hogikyan RV, Galecki AT, Pitt B, Halter JB, Greene DA, Supiano MA. Specific impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in subjects with type 2 diabetes independent of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jun;83(6):1946-52.

  • Caballero AE, Arora S, Saouaf R, Lim SC, Smakowski P, Park JY, et al. Microvascular and macrovascular reactivity is reduced in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 1999 Sep;48(9):1856-62.

  • Colberg SR, Parson HK, Holton DR, Nunnold T, Vinik AI. Cutaneous blood flow in type 2 diabetic individuals after an acute bout of maximal exercise. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jun;26(6):1883-8.

  • Petrauskiene V, Falk M, Waernbaum I, Norberg M, Eriksson JW. The risk of venous thromboembolism is markedly elevated in patients with diabetes. Diabetologia. 2005 May;48(5):1017-21.

  • Jones EW, Mitchell JRA. Venous Thrombosis in Diabetes-Mellitus. Thromb Haemostasis. 1983;50(1):237-.

  • Baker RJ, Bell GW. The effect of therapeutic modalities on blood flow in the human calf. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1991;13(1):23-7.

  • Bracciano A. Physical agent modalities: theory and application for the occupational therapist. 2 ed. Thorafare, NJ: SLACK; 2008.

  • Rendell MS, Milliken BK, Finnegan MF, Finney DA, Healy JC. The skin blood flow response in wound healing. Microvasc Res. 1997 May;53(3):222-34.

  • Lossius K, Eriksen M, Walloe L. Fluctuations in blood flow to acral skin in humans: connection with heart rate and blood pressure variability. J Physiol. 1993 Jan;460:641-55.

  • Johnson JM, Proppe DW. Cardiovascular adjustments to heat stress. In: Fregly MJ, Blatteis CM, editors. Handbook of Physiology: Oxford University Press; 1996. p. 215-43.

  • Johnson JM, Brengelmann GL, Hales JR, Vanhoutte PM, Wenger CB. Regulation of the cutaneous circulation. Fed Proc. 1986 Dec;45(13):2841-50.

  • Hales JR, Jessen C, Fawcett AA, King RB. Skin AVA and capillary dilatation and constriction induced by local skin heating. Pflugers Arch. 1985 Jul;404(3):203-7.

  • Popoff N. The digital vascular system. Arch Pathol. 1934;18:295-330.

  • Charkoudian N. Skin blood flow in adult human thermoregulation: how it works, when it does not, and why. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 May;78(5): 603-612.

  • Rendell MS, Giitter M, Bamisedun O, Davenport K, Schultz R. The laser Doppler analysis of posturally induced changes in skin blood flow at elevated temperatures. Clin Physiol. 1992 May;12(3):241-52.

  • Rendell MS, Kelly ST, Bamisedun O, Luu T, Finney DA, Knox S. The effect of increasing temperature on skin blood flow and red cell deformability. Clin Physiol. 1993 May;13(3):235- 245.

  • Evans E, Rendell M, Bartek J, Connor S, Bamisedun O, Dovgan D, et al. Thermallyinduced cutaneous vasodilatation in aging. J Gerontol. 1993 Mar;48(2):M53-7.

  • Petrofsky JS. Resting Blood Flow in the Skin: Does it Exist, and What Is the Influence of Temperature, Aging, and Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. [Review Article]. 2012;6(3):1-11.

  • Lohman EB, Bains G, Lohman T, Deleon M, Perrofsky JS. A comparison of the effect of a variety of thermal and vibratory modalities on skin temperature and blood flow in healthy volunteers. Med Sci Monit. 2011;17(9):MT72- MT81.

  • Lohman EB, Sackiriyas KSB, Bains GS, Calendra G, Lobo C, Nakhro D, et al. A comparison of the whole body vibration and moist heat on lower extremity skin temperature and skin blood flow in healthy older individuals. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18(7):CR 415-24.

  • Maloney-Hinds C, Petrofsky JS, Zimmerman G. The effect of 30 Hz vs. 50 Hz passive vibration and duration of vibration on skin blood flow in the arm. Med Sci Monitor. 2008 Mar;14(3):Cr112- Cr6.

  • Wilasrusmee C, Suthakorn J, Guerineau C, Itsarachaiyot Y, Sa-Ing V, Proprom N, et al. A novel robotic monofilament test for diabetic neuropathy. Asian J Surg. 2010 Oct;33(4):193-8.

  • Lee S, Kim H, Choi S, Park Y, Kim Y, Cho B. Clinical usefulness of the two-site Semmes- Weinstein monofilament test for detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Korean Med Sci. 2003 Feb;18(1):103-7.

  • Wells PS, Owen C, Doucette S, Fergusson D, Tran H. Does this patient have deep vein thrombosis? JAMA. 2006 Jan 11;295(2):199-207.

  • Bates B. A guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 6th ed ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott CO; 1995.

  • Hotta N, Sugimura K, Tsuchida I, Sano T, Koh N, Matsumae H, et al. Use of the C64 Quantitative Tuning Fork and the Effect of Niceritrol in Diabetic Neuropathy. Clin Ther. 1994 Nov- Dec;16(6):1007-15.

  • Meijer JW, Smit AJ, Lefrandt JD, van der Hoeven JH, Hoogenberg K, Links TP. Back to basics in diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy with the tuning fork! Diabetes Care. 2005 Sep;28(9): 2201-2205.

  • Conaire EO, Rushton A, Wright C. The assessment of vibration sense in the musculoskeletal examination: Moving towards a valid and reliable quantitative approach to vibration testing in clinical practice. Manual Ther. 2011 Jun;16(3):296-300.

  • Hartemann-Heurtier A, Sultan S, Sachon C, Bosquet F, Grimaldi A. How type 1 diabetic patients with good or poor glycemic control cope with diabetes-related stress. Diabetes Metab. 2001 Nov;27(5):553-9.


Abstract Views: 685

PDF Views: 0




  • Effect of Vibration on Skin Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Views: 685  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Everett B. Lohman
Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States
Kanikkai Steni Balan Sackiriyas
Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States
Gurinder S. Bains
Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States
Kulbhushan H. Dhamane
Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States
Kinjal J. Solani
Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States
Chandip K. Raju
Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States
Howard W. Sulzle
Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda-92350, California, United States

Abstract


Background: Recent researches support the use of passive vibration (PV) to increase circulation without the risk of burns. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of short duration vibration on skin blood flow (SBF) in Type 2 diabetics. Materials and Method: 18 subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus between 47-74 years of age, and 18 age matched controls between 50-75 years of age received PV on the anterior aspect of forearm and on plantar aspect of first three metatarsal heads. SBF was measured before, after and 10 minutes post vibration.

Results: There was a significant difference in the foot and forearm SBF across time for both groups. However, there was no significant difference in foot and forearm SBF across time between the groups. Greatest percent increase was seen in the diabetic foot SBF (118.53%) from baseline to end of vibration vs. non diabetic foot (37.62 %). Also, looking 10 minutes post, there was a less change in diabetic foot SBF (-15.25%) vs. non diabetic foot (-27.64%). There was only a slight increase from the start to the end of the vibration in diabetic subjects (129.78%) vs. non diabetic subjects (127.97%). There was no significant change on the foot SBF vs. the forearm at the baseline, at the end of vibration and at 10 minutes post between the groups (F=.679, P=.476).

Conclusion: The diabetes mellitus group with fair to good glucose control responded similarly to PV as compared to non-diabetes mellitus group although there was no significant difference in foot and forearm SBF across time between the groups.


Keywords


Vibration, Blood Flow, Aging, Diabetes Mellitus, Nitric Oxide

References