Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Exercise Training for Astronauts - A Review


Affiliations
1 Seth G.S.M.C. and KEM Hospital, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The weightless environment of space imposes specific physiologic adaptations on healthy astronauts. On return to Earth, these adaptations manifest as physical impairments that necessitate a period of rehabilitation. Major post flight impairments requiring rehabilitation intervention include orthostatic intolerance, bone demineralization, muscular atrophy and neurovestibular symptoms. This paper will review and discuss existing space rehabilitation plans for major postflight impairments.

Keywords

Exercise Training, Astronauts, Microgravity
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Jack H Willmore. Physiology of sport and exercise. 3rd edition.chap 11 exercise in hypobaric, hyberbaric and microgravity environment. Pg 360- 374. Editor: lori Garrett.

  • Mc kardel.chapter: microgravity: Last frontier.pg 665-719

  • Convertino V.A. et al. Changes in the size and compliance of the calf after 30days of stimulated microgravity. Journal of Applied physiology 1989,66,1509-1512.

  • Kronenberg R.S et al. Pulmonary artery pressure and alveolar gas exchange in man during acclimatization to 12470 ft. Journal of clinical investigation 1971;50:827-837

  • Leonard J.L et al. Quantitation of tissue loss during prolonged space flight. American Journal of Clinical nutrition 1983, 38:667-679.

  • Levine B.D et al Maximal exercise performance after adaptation to microgravity. Journal of applied physiology 1986, 81(2):686-694.

  • Pugh L.C.G.E, Gill M et al. muscular exercise at great altitudes. Journal of applied sphysiology 1964;19:431-440.

  • Antonutto G, di Prampero PE: Cardiovascular deconditioning in microgravitsy: Some possible countermeasures. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003;90:283– 91

  • Perhonen MA, Franco F, Lane LD, et al: Cardiac atrophy after bed rest and spaceflight. J Appl Physiol 2001;91:645–53

  • Martin DS, South DA, Wood ML, Bungo MW, Meck JV: Comparison of echocardiographic changes after short- and long-duration spaceflight. Aviat Space Environ Med 2002;73:532–6

  • Charles JB, Yelle J, Sawin CF, Charles JB, Yelle J, Sawin CF: Lessons from operational cardiovascular studies in space. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996 28(10 suppl):S18–22

  • Zernicke RF, Vallas AC et al. Biomechanical response of bone to weightlessness. Exercise and sports sciences Reviews 1990;18:167-192.

  • Fitts RH, Riley DR, Widrick JJ: Physiology of a microgravity environment invited review: Microgravity and skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:823–39

  • Akima H, Kawakami Y, Kubo K, et al: Effect of shortduration spaceflight on thigh and leg muscle volume. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:1743–7

  • Riley DA: Is skeletal muscle ready for long-term spaceflight and return to gravity?. Adv Space Biol Med 1999;7:31–48

  • Riley DA, Bain JL, Thompson JL, et al: Decreased thin filament density and length in human atrophic soleus muscle fibers after spaceflight. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:567–72

  • Vandenburgh H, Chromiak J, Shansky J, Del Tatto M, Lemaire J: Space travel directly induces skeletal muscle atrophy. FASEB J 1999;13:1031–8

  • LeBlanc A, Rowe R, Schneider V, Evans H, Hedrick T: Regional muscle loss after short duration spaceflight. Aviat Space Environ Med 1995;66:1151–4

  • West JB, Boyer SJ, et al. maximal exercise at extreme altitudes on mount Everest. Journal of applied physiology 1983;55:688-698.

  • Turner RT. What do we know about the effect6s of spaceflights on bone. Journal of applied physiology;89:379-384.

  • BJ yates, I A Kerman. Post spaceflight orthostatic intolerance: possible relation to microgravity – induced plasticity in vestibular system. Brain Research Reviews 28 1998. 73–82.

  • M.J.B.Rogers, Hravae et al. Effects of exercise equipment on the microgravity environment. Adv. Space Res.1999;24(10):1283-1287.

  • Pietro E et al. Muscles in microgravity: from fibers to human motion. Journal of biomechanics 2003;36:403-412.

  • Satoshi Iwasel et al. effectiveness of centrifugeinduced artificial gravity with ergometric exercise as a countermeasure during simulated microgravity exposure in humans. Acta astronautica 2005;57:75-80.

  • L.R. Young, Artificial gravity for human missions, Journal of Gravitational Physiology 4 (1997) P21–P22.

  • S. Iwase, Q. Fu, K. Narita, et al., Effects of graded load of artificial gravity on cardiovascular functions in humans, Environmental Medicine 2002;46 :29–32.

  • W. Van Beaumont, Evaluation of hemoconcentration from hematocrit measurements, Journal of Applied Physiology 1972;33:55–61.

  • Thomas Mergner, Thomas Rosemeier. Interaction of vestibular, somatosensory and visual signals for postural control and motion perception under terrestrial and microgravity conditions—a conceptual model. Brain Research Reviews 28 1998. 118–135

  • Dario Rivaa, FrancoRossittob, Luciano Battocchio et al. Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts. Acta Astronautica 2009;65:813–819.

  • Kreitenberg A, Baldwin KM, Bagian JP, Cotten S, Witmer J, Caiozzo VJ. The “Space Cycle” Self Powered Human Centrifuge: a proposed countermeasure for prolonged human spaceflight Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998 Jan; 69(1):66-72.

  • Lower body negative pressure as a model to study progression to acute hemorrhagic shock in humansWilliam H. Cooke, Kathy L. Ryan, and Victor A. Convertino. US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234

  • Pyane MWC, William DR, et al. Space flight Rehabilitation. American journal of physical medicine and Rehabilitation 2007;86(7):583-591.

  • Rubin C, Judex S, Muir J, Lee B, Adler B, Qin Y-X: Retention of skeletal musculature and postural status with a noninvasive, extremely low level mechanical signal: a ground based evaluation of efficacy. Abstract presented at Universities’ Space Research Association Bioastronautics Investigators’ Meeting, Galveston, TX, 2005

  • Reschke MF, Bloomberg JJ, Harm DL, Paloski WH, Layne C, McDonald V: Posture, locomotion, spatial orientation, and motion sickness as a function of space flight. Brain Res Rev 1998;28: 102–117.

  • Bacal K, Billica R, Bishop S: Neurovestibular symptoms following space flight. J Vestib Res 2003;3:93–102

  • NASA, Charles JB. NASA Critical Path Roadmap. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Available at: http:// bioastroroadmap.nasa.gov/ index.jsp

  • Cucinotta FA, Schimmerling W, Wilson JW, et al: Space radiation cancer risks and uncertainties for Mars missions. Radiat Res 2001;156:682–8

  • Cucinotta FA, Manuel FK, Jones J, et al: Space radiation and cataracts in astronauts. Radiat Res 2001;156:460–6

  • Rastegar N, Eckart P, Mertz M: Radiation-induced cataract in astronauts and cosmonauts. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2002;240:543–7

  • Vazquez ME: Neurobiological problems in longterm deep space flights. Adv Space Res 1998;22:171–83

  • Dicello JF: The impact of the new biology on radiation risks in space. Health Phys 2003;85:94– 102 v42. Wilson JW, Shinn JL, Tripathi RK, et al: Issues in deep space radiation protection. Acta Astronaut 2001;49:289–312

  • Victor A Convertino, Planning strategies for development of effective exercise and nutrition countermeasures for long-duration space flight. Nutrition 2002;18(10):880-888.


Abstract Views: 495

PDF Views: 0




  • Exercise Training for Astronauts - A Review

Abstract Views: 495  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

R. Kale Sneha
Seth G.S.M.C. and KEM Hospital, India
S. Master Hiral
Seth G.S.M.C. and KEM Hospital, India
V. Verma Chhaya
Seth G.S.M.C. and KEM Hospital, India
Shetye Jaimala
Seth G.S.M.C. and KEM Hospital, India
Surkar Swati
Seth G.S.M.C. and KEM Hospital, India
Mehta Amita
Seth G.S.M.C. and KEM Hospital, India

Abstract


The weightless environment of space imposes specific physiologic adaptations on healthy astronauts. On return to Earth, these adaptations manifest as physical impairments that necessitate a period of rehabilitation. Major post flight impairments requiring rehabilitation intervention include orthostatic intolerance, bone demineralization, muscular atrophy and neurovestibular symptoms. This paper will review and discuss existing space rehabilitation plans for major postflight impairments.

Keywords


Exercise Training, Astronauts, Microgravity

References