Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
A Study to Correlate Postural Thoracic Kyphosis and Abdominal Muscle Strength and Endurance
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Objective
To find the correlation between kyphotic index and abdominal muscle strength and endurance using manual muscle testing and pressure biofeedback methods, in kyphotic individuals and individuals with ideal posture.
Methodology
Study design: Non interventional analytical, Study location: Physiotherapy OPD of tertiary care hospital, Study duration: 1year,
Subjects sampled: Sample size - 60, Age group: 20 to 50 Yrs. Subjects were screened using plumb line assessment method in lateral view and divided into Group A: - 30 individuals with postural thoracic kyphosis, Group B: - 30 individuals with ideal plumb line alignment.
Assessment Parameters -
Posture: a) Plumb line assessment b) Kyphotic index using Flexi curve - Manual muscle testing: - Lacote's method (Grades 1 to 5) - Prone pressure biofeedback for strength and endurance - Posterior pelvic tilt using pressure cuff, for strength and endurance - Number of curl ups in one minute.
Results
Data was statistically analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed no statistically significant correlation between strength of abdominal muscles and kyphotic index (r = 0.05 to 0.27) and endurance of abdominal muscles and kyphotic index (r = 0.03 to 0.26) in either of the groups.
Conclusion
With increase in postural thoracic kyphosis, there is no significant difference in the strength and endurance of rectus abdominis, obliques internus and externus, transversus abdominis muscles.
Keywords
- Andrew Briggs. Thoracic Kyphosis affects trunk muscle forces. PHYS THER Vol. 87, No. 5, May 2007, pp. 595- 607
- Angelica Reevea Effect of posture on thickness of transversus abdominisin pain free subjects., , and Andrew Dilleyb, revised 1 February 2009;
- Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: a study in mechanical engineering. Acta
- Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen Colby. Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques, Fifth edition. The Spine and Posture. Pg. 394
- Carrie M. Hall, Brody. Ed.2 2005 Therapeutic Exercise: Moving Towards Function
- Carlos vol.11 no.3 May/June 2007 Reliability and validity of thoracic kyphosis measurements using the flexicurve method .
- Carleen Lindsey. Flexi curve spinal measurement: courtesy Protocol for clinical assessment of kyphosis and lordosis.
- Christopher Norris Ed. 2 2008 Pg 89 Back Stability: Integrated Science and therapy.
- Cheri Drysdale; Jennifer Earl; Jay Hertel, Surface EMG of Abdominal Muscles During Pelvic Tilt & Abdominal Hollowing, Journal of Athletic Training 2004; 39(1):32-36).
- Cynthia Norkins, Pamella Levangie, Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive analysis, Ed.4
- Cresswell, AG, Grundstorm, H, Thorstensson, A: Observations on Intra-abdominal pressure & patterns of Abdominal intramuscular activity in man. Acta Physiol Scand 144:409 1992)
- D Ryan, L P Fried Johns J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Dec; 45 (12):1479-86 The impact of kyphosis on daily functioning.
- Gossman, M,Sahrmann, S, Rose, S:Review of length associated changes in muscles Phys Ther 62: 1977, 1982
- Gerr. F Marcus, M, et al: A Prospective study of computer users. I. study design and incidence of msk symptoms and disorders. Am J Ind Med 41: 221-235, 2002
- Hinman MR. Comparison of thoracic kyphosis and postural stiffness in younger and older women. Spine J. 2004; 4(4): 413-7]
- Iddings DM, Smith LK, Spencer,Phys Ther. 1970 Oct;50(10):1456-66.) (Muscle testing. 2. Reliability in clinical use, WA. Phys Ther Rev. 1961 Apr;41:249-56.)
- Kendall and McCreary, EK, Provance, PG: Muscle Testing and Function, Ed. 4. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1993
- Kendall and Mc.., Bellare B, Sona Sharma, Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists.)
- Kessler Ed.4 Pg. 799 Common Musculoskeletal Problems,
- Lacote, Clinical Evaluation of Musvle Function, Ed.2, 1987.
- Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Ch. 10 Muscle tissue: 1999-2000 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
- Milne JS, Lauder IJ. The relationship of kyphosis to the shape of vertebral bodies. Ann hum biol. 1976; 3:173-9. ]
- Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine April 2007, Volume 11, issue 1.
- Oatis. Part 3: kinesiology of head and spine; structure and function of bones and joints of thoracic spine, Ch. 29, Pg 498. Pg 532-537
- Panjabi MM, Takata K, Goel V, et al.:Thoracic human vertebrae: quantitative three dimensional anatomy. Spine 1991; 16: 888-901.
- Paul Hodges, Carolyn Richardson, paul hodges, Julie Hides. Therapeutic exercise for Lumbopelvic stabilization: a functional model of the biomechanics and motor control, Ed.2, Ch.2 pg 13 - 28
- Rowena Topenberg The inter relation of spinal curves, pelvic tilt and muscle length in adolescent females, The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. Vol 32, No. 1, 1986.
- Richardson, CA, et al: Techniques for Active Lumbar Stabilization for Spinal Protection: A Pilot Study. Aust. J. Physiotherapy 38: 105, 1992) 17
- Richardson Carolyn, Jull 1999, Therapeutic Ex for Spinal Segmental Stabilization in Low Back Pain, Churchill Livingstone). Carolyn Kisner, Colby Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques, Ed.5, Ch 16, Pg. 455
- Stability of lumbar spine; a study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand. 1989; 230:20-24]
- Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine-April 2007, Volume 11, issue 1.
- Further standardization of manual muscle test for clinical study: applied in chronic renal disease, Silver M, McElroy A, Morrow L, Heafner BK.
- Reliability and validity of thoracic kyphosis measurements using flexicurve. 2008 Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia May/June 2007, vol.11, no.3, p.199-204. ISSN 1413-3555.
- To establish interrater reliability of flexicurve when used by novice testers to measure thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in a community- based Print 1878-6324 online, ISSUE- vol 17 number1/2003/2004,pages – 33-36
- To compare intensity of upper Vs lower rectus activity provoked by two different abdominal exercises and to contrast the intensity of contraction elicited by each exercise on each portion of rectus 2009 Elsevier B.V.
- The effect of different standing and sitting postures on trunk muscle activity in a pain-free population. Spine, 2002. 27(11): p. 1238-44.
- Urquhart, DM, Hodges, PW, et al: Abdominal muscle recruitment during a range of voluntary exercises. Manual Ther 10(2): 144-153, 2005
Abstract Views: 824
PDF Views: 0