Indian Journal of Positive Psychology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Evaluation and Efficacy of Psychological Vaccine in Controlling Perceived Stress : A Longitudinal Study


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 Department of Sociology, Andhra University Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


A group resilience training program is used as psychological vaccine to control the perceived stress of college students. Volunteer student sample of 32 in experimental group and 39 in open group are studied. Average age of sample is 20.6 years. Experimental group received resilience training program as psychological vaccine, which the open group did not receive. In this nine month follow-up study perceived stress scores (PSS) are measured using Cohen's 10-item scale, at four different time intervals namely-pre training in case of experimental group and initial rating in case of open group participants. Subsequent measurements are taken three, six and nine months after training for both groups. Results indicated the perceived stress of experimental group has decreased while the same has increased in case of open group who did not receive psychological vaccine. Significant probabilities are considered at 5 % level of significance. Gender differences are discussed in the light of previous studies. Obtained results justified the tested resilience program as 'psychological vaccine' to control perceived stress.

Keywords

Resilience Training Program, Psychological Vaccine, Stress Intervention, Student Sample, Gender Differences.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Abraham, J., Navya, C. J., & Joshy, V. (2019). Perceived stress and coping strategies among post graduate students of a medical college in Thrissur, Kerala. International Journal of Community Medicine and pulic Health, 6(2), 814-817. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190213.

  • Ananda Lakshmi, S., Sahitya, V., Thillip Kumar, G., Saravanan, A., & ThirunavuKarasu, M. (2016). Perceived stress and sources of stress among first year medical undergraduate students in a private medical college Tamil Nadu. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(1), 9-14. doi: 10.5455/njppp.2015.5.1909201574

  • Bhavani Nivetha, M., Ahmed, M., & Prashantha, B. (2018). Perceived stress and source of stress among undergraduate medical students of Government Medical College, Mysore. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 5(8), 3513-3518. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183090

  • Bluth, K., Roberson, P. N. E., & Gaylord, S. A. (2015). A pilot study of a mindfulnessintervention for adolescents and the potential role of self-compassion in reducing stress. Explore, 11(4), 292-295. Doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 28

  • Bose, V. S., & Pramila, V. S. (2000a). Behavioral skills training to face the challenges of the new millennium. In B. Pattanayak and S. Ravishankar (Eds.), Organization development skills for competitive edge. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.

  • Bose, V. S., & Pramila, V. S. (2000b). Remedial measures in case of a 25-year old male with behavioral aberrations. Paper presented at the National Conference on Research in Clinical Psychology, New Delhi, India.

  • Bose, V. S., Pramila, V. S., & Saritha, K. V. P. (2002). Treatment and rehabilitation of ananti-social personality: A case study. In V. S. Bose and R.K. Murthy (Eds.), Facets of crime and violence: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 170-175). Visakhapatnam, India: Andhra University Press.

  • Bose, V. S. (2013). Emotional support-psychological preparation to face the challenges in life. In O. Brain, W. Sheryl, B. Maury, W. Trudy, V. Kimberly, and S. “Bose” Veeramachaneni (Eds.), Adult learners at Germanna community college: Project report submitted for president's leadership academy (pp. 26-29). Germanna Community college, VA, USA.

  • Brachman, R. A., McGowan, J.C., Perusini, J. N., Lim, S. C ., Pham, T. H., Faye, & Denny, C. (2016). Ketamine as a prophylactic against stress-induced depression like behavior. Biological Psychiatry, 79(9), 777-786. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.022

  • Brachman, R.A. (2017, July 21). Can we stop depression before it happens? TED TALK Radio Program. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org2017/07/21/537016506

  • Brougham, R. R., Zail, C. M., Mendoza, C. M., & Miuer J. R. (2009). Stress, sex-differences and coping strategies among college students. Current Psychology, 28(2), 85-97. doi.org/10.1007/s12144-009-9047-0

  • Butler, G. (1993). Definition of stress: Occasional paper. Royal College of General Practitioners, 61, 1-5. PMCID: PMC2560943

  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. doi.org/10.2307/2136404

  • Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan and S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social physiology of health: Claremont symposium on applied social psychology (pp. 31-67). Newbury Park, C. A.Sage, pp. 31-67.

  • Conder, H. L. (2018). Impact of a mindfulness intervention on perceived stress, depression, and anxiety in college students (Unpublished master's thesis). Graduate School of Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC.

  • Crawford, C., Wallerstedt, D. B., Khorsan, R., Clausen, S. S., Jonas, W. B., & Walter, J. A. G. (2013). A systematic review of biopsychosocial training programs for the self-management of emotional stress: Potential applications for the military. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6, 1-23. Doi.org/10.1155/2013/747694

  • Datar, M. C., Shetty, J. V., & Naphade, N. M. (2017). Stress and coping styles in post graduate medical students: A medical college base study. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 33, 370-374. DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_59_16

  • Deckro, G. R., Ballinger, K. M., Hoyt, M., Wilcher, M., Dusek, J., Myers, P., & Benson, H. (2002). The evaluation of a mind/body intervention to reduce psychological distress and perceived stress in college students. Journal of American College Health, 50 (6), 281-287. doi: 10. 1080/07448480209603446

  • Divinakumar , K. J., Pookala, S. B., & Das, R. C. (2014). Perceived stress, psychological well-being and burnout among female nurses working in government hospitals. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2(4), 1511-1515. DOI: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20141 150

  • Elbert, D. D., Lehr, D., Heber, E., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2016). Internet-and mobile-based stress management for employees with adherence-focused guidance: Efficacy and mechanism of change. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 42(5), 382-394. doi:10. 5271/sjweh.3573

  • Elliot, D. (2016, Nov. 26). Preventing mental illness with a stress vaccine. In J. Goldberg and B. Cohn (Eds.), The Atlantic. USA: Emerson Collective.

  • Harris, A. H. S., Luskin, F., Norman, S. B., Standard, S., Bruning, J., Evans, S., & Thoresen, C. E. (2006). Effects of a group forgiveness intervention on forgiveness, perceived stress, and trait-anger. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(6), 715-733. doi: 10. 1002/jclp.20264

  • Lawrence, J., Ashford, K., & Dent, P. (2006). Gender differences in coping strategies of under graduate students and their impact on self-esteem and attainment. Active Learning in Higher Education, 7(3), 273-281. doi.org/10.1177/1469787406069058

  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 1-21. doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.4 4.020193.000245

  • Lim, S.J., & Kim, C. (2014). Effects of autogenic training on stress response and heart rate variability in nursing students. Asian Nursing Research, 8(4), 286-292. 10DOI6/j.anr.2014.06.003

  • Mailey, E. L., & McAules, E. (2014). Physical activity intervention effects on perceived stress in working mothers: The role of self-efficacy. Women and Health, 54(6), 552-568. doi:10.1080/03630242.2014.899542

  • Matud, M. P. (2004). Gender differences in stress and coping styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(7), 1401-1415. doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.01.010

  • Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W.J., Mae, R., Vincent, L., Peladeau, N., Beduz, M.A., & Leszcz, M. (2010). Computer-assisted resilience training to prepare healthcare workers for pandemic influenza: A randomized trial of the optimal dose of training. BMC Health Services Research, 10, 72. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-72

  • Misra, R., & McKean, M. (2000). College students' academic stress and its relation to their anxiety, time management and leisure satisfaction. American Journal of Health Studies, 16(1), 41-51.

  • Querstret, D., Cropley, M., & Fife-Schaw, C. (2018). The effects of an online mindfulness intervention on perceived stress, depression and anxiety in a non-clinical sample: A randomized wait list control trial. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1825-1836. doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0925-0

  • Ratanasiripong, P., Ratanasiripong, N., & Kathalae, D. (2012). Biofeedback intervention for stress and anxiety among nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. International Scholarly Research Network, pp.1-5. doi:10.5402/2012/827972

  • Roeser, R. W., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Jha, A., Cullen, M., Wallace, L., Wilensky, R., Oberle, E., & Harrison, J. (2013). Mindfulness training and reductions in teacher stress and burnout: Results from two randomized, wait list-control field trials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 1-18. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a0032093

  • Sapolsky, R. (2002). A Primates Memoir: A Neuroscientists Unconventional Life among the Baboons. New York: Simon and Schuster.

  • Sax, L. (1997). Health trends among college freshman. Journal of American College Health, 45(6), 252-262. DOI:10.1080/07448481.1997.9936895

  • Selye, H. (1956). The Stress of Life. New York: McGraw Hill (Revised edition: 1976).

  • Sobel, D. S. (1995). Rethinking medicine: Improving health outcomes with cost-effective psychosocial interventions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57(3), 234-244. doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199505000-00005 Abstract retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-02500-001

  • Stillwell, S. B., Vermeesch, A. L., & Scott J. G. (2017). Interventions to reduce perceived stress among graduate students: A systematic review with implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(6), 507-513. Doi:10.1111/wvn.12250

  • Taylor, C., Harrison, J., Haimovitz, K., Oberle, E., Thomson, K., Schonert-Reichl, K., &Roeser, R. W. (2016). Examining ways that a mindfulness-based intervention reduces stress in public school teachers: A mixed-methods study. Mindfulness, 7(1),115-129. doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0425-4

  • Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend- and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107(3), 411-429. doi:10.1037//0033-295X.107.3.411


Abstract Views: 118

PDF Views: 0




  • Evaluation and Efficacy of Psychological Vaccine in Controlling Perceived Stress : A Longitudinal Study

Abstract Views: 118  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

S. Bose Veeramachaneni
Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Radhakrishna M. Kothapalli
Department of Sociology, Andhra University Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract


A group resilience training program is used as psychological vaccine to control the perceived stress of college students. Volunteer student sample of 32 in experimental group and 39 in open group are studied. Average age of sample is 20.6 years. Experimental group received resilience training program as psychological vaccine, which the open group did not receive. In this nine month follow-up study perceived stress scores (PSS) are measured using Cohen's 10-item scale, at four different time intervals namely-pre training in case of experimental group and initial rating in case of open group participants. Subsequent measurements are taken three, six and nine months after training for both groups. Results indicated the perceived stress of experimental group has decreased while the same has increased in case of open group who did not receive psychological vaccine. Significant probabilities are considered at 5 % level of significance. Gender differences are discussed in the light of previous studies. Obtained results justified the tested resilience program as 'psychological vaccine' to control perceived stress.

Keywords


Resilience Training Program, Psychological Vaccine, Stress Intervention, Student Sample, Gender Differences.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.15614/ijpp%2F2019%2Fv10i4%2F214985