A Correlational and Comparative study on Empathy and Altruism Across Gender and Age
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Altruism acts as a signal of cooperative intentions, accessibility, and, by extending, copulating or collaborating potential on a larger social scale. By anticipating people's behaviour and responses individuals may act swiftly and effectively in response to their constantly shifting expectations and requirements. The current study aims to examine the relationship between altruism and empathy as well as the differences between altruism and empathy across gender and age groups. There were 116 participants overall, with the purposeful sampling approach being used. The data was not normally distributed so to see the correlation Non-parametric test Spearman's correlation was used and to see the difference Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Test was used. Based on the study's findings, altruism and empathy were positively correlated, and there was no noticeable difference in either characteristic across the two age groups. While there was evidence of a definite difference in empathy between males and females, there was no suggestion that there was a sizable difference in altruism.
Keywords
- Altruism: development of the prosocial ego in children-yes, therapy helps (2022, July 24). Yes, therapy helps: en.yestherapyhelps.com. https://en.yestherapyhelps.com/a ltruism-development-of-the-prosocial-ego-in-children 10414#:~:text=Much%20re search%20has%20focused%20on%20a%20child%27s%20reasoning,the%20grow ing%20capacity%20for%20empathy%20influences%20prosocial%20reasoning.
- Barker, E. (2011, November 9). Do women and men have different moral values? Barking Up the wrong tree. Barking Up The Wrong Tree; bakadesuyo.com. https://bakadesuyo.com/2011/11/do-women-and-men-have-different-moral-values/
- Benenson, J.F., Gauthier, E., & Markovits, H. (2021). Girls exhibit greater empathy than boys following a minor accident. Scientific Reports, 11, 7965. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41598-021-87214-x
- Brañas-Garza, P., Capraro, V., & Rascón-Ramírez, E. (2018). Gender differences in altruism on mechanical Turk: Expectations and actual behaviour. Economics Letters, 170, 19-23. Doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2018.05.022
- Brañas-Garza, P., & Capraro, V., & Rascon, R. E. (2016). Gender differences in altruism: Expectations, actual behaviour and accuracy of beliefs. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.2796221.
- Brown, J. (2020, April 24). Difference between altruism and empathy: Difference between. Difference Between Altruism and Empathy | Difference Between; www.differencebetween.net. http://www.differencebetween.net/language/differ ence-between-altruism-and-empathy/
- Büssing, A., Kerksieck, P., Günther, A., & Baumann, K. (2013). Altruism in adolescents and young adults: Validation of an instrument to measure generative altruism with structural equation modeling. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 18(4), 335-350.
- Büssing, A., Kerksieck, P., Günther, A., & Baumann, K. (2013). Altruism in adolescents and young adults: Validation of an instrument to measure generative altruism with structural equation modeling. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 18(4), 335-350. Doi:10.1080/1364436X.2013.849661
- Cherry, K. (2022, July 21). Why empathy is important. Verywell Mind; www.verywellmind.com. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-empathy-2795562 Christov-Moore, L., Simpson, E. A., Coudé, G., Grigaityte, K., Iacoboni, M., & Ferrari, P. F. (2014). Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 46(Pt 4), 604-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001
- Cuppy, C. (2020, July 30). Six ways to help your child live with empathy and altruism: Focus on the family. Focus on the Family; www.focusonthefamily.com. https://www.focusonthefamily.com/parenting/six-ways-to-help-your-child-live- with-empathy-and-altruism/
- Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis-IResearchNet (2016, January 12). Psychology: psychology.iresearchnet.com. http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/papers/empathy - altruism hypothesis/#:~:text=The%20empathy%2Daltruism%20hypothesis%20st ates,%2C%20tenderness%2C%20and%20the%20like
- Hajek, A., & König, H.H. (2022). Level and correlates of empathy and altruism during the Covid-19 pandemic. Evidence from a representative survey in Germany. PLoS ONE, 17(3), e0265544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265544
- Hao, J., Yang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2016). Face-to-face sharing with strangers and altruistic punishment of acquaintances for strangers: Young adolescents exhibit greater altruism than adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsy g.2016.01512
- Jimenez, J. (2021, July 16). Compassion vs. empathy: Understanding the difference. Compassion vs. Empathy: Understanding the Difference; www.betterup.com. https://www.betterup.com/blog/compassion-vs-empathy
- Kim, E. J., Son, J. W., Park, S. K., Chung, S., Ghim, H. R., Lee, S., Lee, S. I., Shin, C. J., Kim, S., Ju, G., Park, H., & Lee, J. (2020). Cognitive and emotional empathy in young adolescents: An fMRI Study. Soa--ch'ongsonyon chongsin uihak = Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(3), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.20 0020
- Krebs, D. (1975). Empathy and altruism. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 32(6), 1134.
- Levine, R., Norenzayan, A., & Philbrick, K. (2006). Cultural differences in the helping of strangers. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 556-559.
- Lu, C., Liang, L., Chen, W., & Bian, Y. (2021). A way to improve adolescents' life satisfaction: School altruistic group games. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 533603. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.533603
- Mella, N., Studer, J., Gilet, A.L., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2012). Empathy for pain from adolescence through adulthood: An event-related brain potential study. Frontiers in Psychology, 3,501. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00501
- Oxytocin increases empathy, researchers find: Charter for Compassion (n.d.). Oxytocin Increases Empathy, Researchers Find: Charter for compassion, charterforcompass ion.org. https://charterforcompassion.org/discovering-empathy/oxytocin-increas es-empathy-researchers-find
- Salgado, M. (2018). Gender-biased expectations of altruism in adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 484. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00484
- Shah, S. S., & Ali, A. Z. (2012). Altruism and belief in just world in young adults:
- relationship with religiosity. Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11(2), 35-46. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A31 1675503/AONE?u=anon~ae0e5f81&sid=goog leScholar&xid=30424b33
- Sparrow, E. P., Swirsky, L. T., Kudus, F., & Spaniol, J. (2021). Aging and altruism: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 36(1), 49.
- Stocks, E. L., & Lishner, D. A. (2018, October 24). Empathy and altruism: Oxford research encyclopedia of psychology. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology; oxfordre.com. https://oxfordre.com/psychology/view/10.1093/acre fore/9780190236557.001.0001/acrefore-9780190236557-e- 272#:~:text=The%20 connection%20between%20empathy%20and,the%20link%20between%20the%2 0two
- Toussaint, L., & Webb, J. R. (2005). Gender differences in the relationship between empathy and forgiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(6), 673-685. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.145.6.673-686
- Tümer, A., Aykaç Koçak, A., Uçar, E., & Sümen, A. (2021). The relationship between empathic tendencies and altruistic behaviours in adolescents. Child: Care, Health and Development, 47(4), 465-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12857
- Van der Graaff, J., Carlo, G., Crocetti, E., Koot, H. M., & Branje, S. (2018). Prosocial behavior in adolescence: Gender differences in development and links with empathy. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 47, 1086-1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10964-017-0786-1
- Why We Risk Our Own Well-Being to Help Others (2022, July 17). Verywell Mind; www.verywellmind.com. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-altruism- 2794828#:~:text=Altruism%20activates%20reward%20centers%20in%20the%20 bra
- Watkins, P. C., Van Gelder, M., & Frias, A. (2009). Furthering the science of gratitude. In S.J.LopezandC.R.Snyder (Eds.),Oxfordhandbookofpositivepsychology(pp. 437–445). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Abstract Views: 389
PDF Views: 0