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Divanji Manohar , K. Lakshman , H. Shylaja , G. L. Viswanatha , S. Rajesh , K. Nandakumar

Abstract

The objective of the present study is to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of the methanolic extract of Lepidium sativum (MELS). The preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out to identify the various chemical constituents present in the extract. It was found that the MELS contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the MELS was safe upto 2000mg/kg. The antidiarrheal activity was observed in three experimentally induced diarrhea models i.e. Castor oil induced diarrhea; Prostaglandin E2 (PG-E2) induced enteropooling in rats and charcoal meal test in mice. In castor oil induced model MELS (50, 100 and 200mg/kg.p.o.) showed significant dose dependent reduction of cumulative wet faecal mass. In PG-E2 induced enteropooling model, MELS (50, 100 and 200mg/ kg.p.o.) inhibited PG-E2 induced secretions. Similarly in charcoal meal test MELS (50, 100 and 200mg/kg.p.o.) decreased the movement of charcoal indicating its antimotility activity. It was observed that MELS possess significant anti-diarrheal activity.

Keywords

Lepidium Sativum, Anti-diarrheal Activity, Castor Oil, Prostaglandin E2, Charcoal Meal Test

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P. J. Suresh Babu ¹, K. Krishnaram ¹, K. Nandakumar ¹, G. Chitrakala ¹

Affiliations
1 EGSPEC, IN

Abstract

This work describes PWM modulation using harmonic elimination technique necessitates the solution of system of non – linear transcendental equation set representing the relation between the amplitude of fundamental wave and each order harmonic and the sinusoidal angle. Conventionally due to their higher complexity , these equations have to be schedule offline and the calculated optional switching angles are stored in look – up tables on interpolated by simple function for real time operation .The above technique involves the solution of Newton – iteration method is usually applied to solve the equation set but the convergence depend on the selection of initial value .All the above traditional selective harmonic techniques ,the lowest uneliminated harmonic and the total harmonic distortion factor are obviously enlarged largely which would do greater harm to the power system. The above limitation can be avoided by introducing GA approach with microcontroller implementation. Besides this, this work also improves the input power factor by providing three bidirectional switches are also reviewed.

Keywords

Selective Harmonic Elimination, Switching Angle, Genetic Algorithm, THD, Switching Frequency.

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G. L. Viswanatha , K. Nandakumar , H. Shylaja , C. Ramesh , S. Rajesh , R. Srinath

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic and a nti-convulsant activity of the alcoholic extract of heart wood of Cedrus deodara (ALCD). 50,100 and 200 mg/kg of alcoholic extract of Cedrus deodara (ALCD) were tested for its anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity. Elevated plus maze model (EPM), Actophotometre, Light- dark model were used for testing anxiolytic activity and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induc ed convulsions and Maximal electro shock (MES) induced convulsions models in mice were used for the assessment of its anticonvulsant activity, Pretreatment with ALCD and estimation of GABA in rat brain tissues also performed to study the effect of ALCD (30, 100 mg/kg) on GABA levels of brain. In Actophotometre test, higher doses (100 and 200mg/kg) of ALCD has show ed significant CNS depression by reducing locomotor activity in mice. In EPM the 100 and 200mg/kg of ALCD has increased the time spent in the open arm and decreased tim e spent in the closed arm. In Light-dark model the 100 and 200mg/kg of ALCD has showed significant inc rease in the time spent in light zone when compare to the dark zone. In PTZ induced convulsions model 100 and 200 mg/kg of ALCD has increased the onset of clonus and tonic seizures.

In MES induced convulsions model 100 and 200 mg/kg of ALCD has decreased duration of tonic extensor phase and also at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses the AL CD has increased the percentage protection in PTZ and MES induced convulsions. The ALC D (30 and 100 mg/kg) also showed significant modulation of GABA levels of cereb ellum and whole brain other than cerebellum. In conclusion these observations suggest tha t 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of ALCD are having good anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity.

Keywords

Cedrus deodara, Anxiolytic, Anticonvulsant, GABA Estimation.

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