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Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal , K. S. Ayyar

Abstract

Bark samples collected from the trunk portion of mature trees belonging to 31 species were examined for the yield in which oxalic acid could be isolated from them. The bark of Tectona grandis of more than 40 years of age gave oxalic acid in 8.3% to 15.55%) yield. While the bark of Toon ciliata collected from trees growing in the campus of Forest Research Institute was found to contain rich deposits of oxalates (yield of oxalic acid 10.86% to 18.98%), samples of the bark drawn from trees growing in other parts of India gave oxlic acid only in moderate yields of 5.15% to 10.87%. Barks of other species either did not give any oxalic acid or gave it in meagre quantities.

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Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal , A. S. Gulati , K. S. Ayyar

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Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal , K. S. Ayyar

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Essential oil from the heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica was obtained by steam distillation of the petroleum ether (60-80) extract of the heartwood. Its infrared spectrum and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of at least 14 compounds with hydroxyl and/or carbonyl groups. Further work on the isolation and identification of individual compound is in progress.

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Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal , Mohd Swaleh

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The barks of Terminalia species are a good source of Oxalic acid and Tannins. On storing these barks in the open to stand a rainfall of 2825.80 mm the Oxalic acid content remained almost unaffected. The Tannins in these barks were leached out.

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Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal

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One of the isotable by-products in the oxalic acid industry based on the barks of Terminalia alata is the tannins. The present investigations indicate it to be a promising soil stabiliser.

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Kuldip Bhatia , K. S. Ayyar

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The paper describes the various important uses and methods of preparing oxalic acid. Merits of the method of making oxalic acid using Terminalia barks has been discussed. Some suggestions to make the industry viable and job oriented have been given.

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P. S. Rao , Kuldip Bhatia , H. Sethi

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P. S. Rao , Kuldip Bhatia , S. Kondas , B. Jagannatha Shetty

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P. S. Rao , Kuldip Bhatia , T. C. Pathak

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P. S. Rao , Kuldip Bhatia

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal

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The oils obtained by water and steam distillation of pure needles, pure twigs, and twigs with needles of Pinus roxburghii have been studied. The oils were examined for specific gravity, optical rotation, refractive index, acid and ester values and esters calculated as bornyl acetate. The oil obtained from pure needles has the highest ester value and appears to be better in quality.

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T. Krishnamurthy , G. V. Karira , B. K. Sharma , Kuldip Bhatia

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Gives details of cultivation, growth and exploitation of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (N.O. Berberidaceae) is an important pharmacopoeial drug plant. The rhizomes and ischolar_mains of this species are well known in medicine as the source of tbe podopbyllum resin. Which is used as a cholagogue purgative. Recentlyl the resin from the American podophyllum. P. peltaturm Linn., has been found to allect the growth of malignant tumours and it has also been shown to be effective in controlling some skin diseases. It is understood that the Indian species is also useful in the treatment of certain types of cancer.

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal

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The partial and total saccharification of the fir and spruce woods were carried out using sulphuric acid as hydrolysing agent. The potential reducing sugar yields and the constituent sugars were determined.

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal

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Variations in the oil content and physico-chemical properties of the pine needle oil from Pinus roxburghii with the month of harvesting the needles have been studied. The period November-January has been found to be most suitable for harvesting the needles for the distillation of essential oil.

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , Jia Lal

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The studies have been made to explore the commercial potentialities of sal bark (Shorea robusta Gaertn.). The bark was analysed for ash, tans, non-tans and colour of the extract. Tannins were isolated under different temperatures and periods of extraction. Spray-dried tan extract was analysed for ash, tans, non-tans and colour intensity. Proximate chemical analysis of the spent bark was carried out. To isolate cellulose from the spent sal bark, the material was cooked under pressure in an alkaline medium of sod. Hydroxide and a mixture of sod. Hydroxide and sod. Sulphide and the resultant cellulose was subjected to usual bleaching process using bleaching powder. Yield of the bleached cellulose obtained was 80.03 per cent. The bleached cellulose was then analysed for its major chemical constituents. A sample of this cellulose was sent to the Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, U.S.A. for data on x-ray electronmicrograph and viscosity and this data is incorporated in the article. Briquettes of saw dust and coal dust were made using alkali lignin recovered after digestion of the spent bark, as a binder. The briquettes were found to have good resistance to handling. Probable industries where sal bark can be profitably utilized are indicated.

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , P. C. Dobhal

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The barks of the woods of Tectona grandis, Adina cordifolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Cleistanthus callinus, Pterocarpus marsupium and Bosvellia serrata received from the Forest Utilisation Officer, Maharashtra State were analysed for tannins, cold water solubility, hot water solubility, ash, peat, ether extractives, alcohol benzene extract, pentosans,lignin and chlorite holocellulose content following standard methods. The barks were also tested qualitatively for starch and alkaloids. The results are reported in the article.

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , Jla Lal

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The studies have been made to explore the commercial potentialities of the bark of Terminalia tommtosa. The bark was analysed for Tans, Non-tans and colour of the aqueous extract. The bark was also analysed for ash, cold and hot water solubles, Alcohol/Benzeae aad pet. ether solubility, Pentosans and Lignin. The inorganic constituents of the ash of the original bark as well as that of water extracted bark were determined. Pilot plant experimeats to collect the spray dried aqueous extract were conducted and this extract was analysed for Moisture, Ash, Tans and Non-tans and the colour intensity. The laboratory experiments on the dyeing performance of the aqueous extract were carried out. The samples of this extract were also sent to (1) Indian Jute Industries Research Association, Calcutta, (2) Indequip Limited, Ahmedabad, (3) The Govt. Institute of Textile Chemistry and Knitting Technology, Ludhiana and (4) Wood Preservation Branch, F.R.I., Dehra Dun for their evaluation on dyeing performance of this extract. The extracts of their reports are reproduced in this article. The dye extract has been found suitable as a Cheap dye for dyeing cotton, wool, silk and jute fabrics. Further experiments were carried on the exhausted bark to isolate the Oxalic Acid. The Oxalic Acid of 97.2% purity in a yield of 20% could be obtained. Sample of this acid was seat to Glaxo Laboratory, Bombay who have found it suitable for their requirement. Probable industries where the bark of T. tomenlosa can be profitably utilised are indicated.

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , Inder Dev , Jia Lal

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The studies have been made to explore the possible commercial utilization of Sap I wood of Khair. The Sap wood was analysed for its major chemical constituents and the optimum conditions to isolate cellulose suitable for cellulose based industries have been described. The chemical composition of the cellulose and its fibre dimensions have been determined. The experiments were undertaken to prepare cellulose gum and the data on its evaluation are presented in the article.

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M. G. Karnik , Kuldip Bhatia , Inder Dev , Jai Lal

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These studies were made to explore the possible commercial utilization of the exhausted heartwood of Acacia catechu. The exhausted heartwood (residue left after extraction of katha aud cutch) is a waste material of the katha industry. The exhausted heartwood was analysed for its major chemical constituents and the optimum conditions to isolate cellulose suitable for cellulose based industries, from exhausted heartwood alone and from the mixture of exhausted heart and sap wood, have been described. Experiments were also undertaken to prepare cellulose gum and the data on its evaluation is incorporated in the article.

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