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Raghavendra, M.
- Neuroprotective Effect of Withania somnifera (WS) in Cerebral Ischemiareperfusion and Long-term Hypoperfusion Induced Alterations in Rats
Authors
Source
Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 7, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 234-246Abstract
Objective: The present study investigates the effect of Withania somnifera (WS), a well known adaptogenic agent in Indian system of Medicine, on acute cerebral reperfusion and long-term cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Materials and methods: Acute ischemia-reperfusion (30 min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries followed by 45 min reperfusion) and Long-term cerebral hypoperfusion (for 15 days) in C.F. strain rats were produced following standard technique. WS, Indian chemotype-1, rich in withanolide glycosides (= sitoindosides) was used for the present study. Effect of WS on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cyclic AMP level and histopathological changes in forebrain regions in acute ischemia - reperfusion and on long-term cerebral hypoperfusion induced behavioral and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Results: WS pre-treatment (50 mg/kg p.o. for 5 days) attenuated the reperfusion induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. Long term hypoperfusion induced anxiety and listlessness (open field paradigm) accompanied by deficits in learning and memory (Morris' water maze testing) along with histopathological changes in rat forebrains were attenuated with WS treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that WS may be useful in cerebrovascular insufficiency conditions.Keywords
Withania somnifera, Reperfusion Injury, Cerebral Hypoperfusion, Oxidative Stress, Behavior, Cognition- Comparative Anthelmintic Evaluation of Glycosmis mauritiana and Pedalium murex L. Roots
Authors
1 Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi-533 461, E.G. Dt., Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 4, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 185-187Abstract
Herbal medicine is having very old history. Plants are the typical manufacturers of complex drug molecules, which serve as a prototype to develop more effective and less toxic medicines. Helminth infections are distressing huge population in the world. These infections are contributing to the disorders like pneumonia, anaemia, eosinophilia and under nourishment. Currently available anthelmintic drugs require improved management, high cost and also worms developing resistance to these drugs. So, there is a need of investigation of new anthelmintic molecules. Glycosmis mauritiana (Rutaceae) and Pedalium murex (Pedaliceae) are selected as test drugs based on ethno-botanical survey conducted in East Godavari Dist., Andhra Pradesh. The ischolar_mains of each plant were extracted with petroleum ether and ethanol. The anthelmintic activity of these extracts was screened by taking Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) as a test organism and albendazole and piperazine citrate were used as reference standards. All the extracts show significant anthelmintic activity. The ethanolic extract of Glycosmis mauritiana shows more activity comparing to the other extracts. Overall anthelmintic activity revealed that concentration dependent nature of extracts. The extract shows potent and significant anthelmintic activity as compared to the standards and it was investigated to be used as effective anthelmintic drug.Keywords
Anthelmintic Activity, Glycosmis mauritiana, Pedalium murex, Indian Earthworm, Ethanolic Extract.References
- K.D. Tripathi; Essentials of Medicinal Pharmacology , 6th edition, 808.
- Van Riet et al. Chronic helminth infections induce immuno modulation: consequences and mechanisms Immunobiology, 2007, 212(6):475-9
- V. J. Theodorides et al., Anthelmintic Activity of Albendazole against Liver Flukes, Tapeworms, Lung and Gastrointestinal Roundworms.
- Kushwaha and Aind; Anthelmintic activity of polyherbal preparations, international journel of pharmacy and life sciences, May, 2010; 35-37.
- Thorn G.M, Harrison's Principles of internal Medicine, 1977, Mc Grew Hill, New York.
- AA Kale et al; JP Salvekara. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(2), 298-302.
- Y Shivhare et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(1), 488-491.
- M. Sermakkani and V. Thangapandian, phytochemical screening for active compounds in Pedalium murex; Recent Research in Science and Technology 2010, 2(1): 110-114
- Trapti Rastogi et al.; Comparative Studies on Anthelmintic Activity of Moringa Oleifera and Vitex Negundo; Asian J. Research Chem. 2(2): April.-June, 2009
- Tekeshwar Kumar, Investigation of in-vitro anthelmintic activity of Bauhinia racemosa linn.; Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 01 (02); 2011: 73-75
- H. K. Sundeep Kumar et al., Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Pistia stratiotes Linn., Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy; 103- 105
- Mali RG and Mahale NB, Evaluation of Rhynchosia minima (Linn.) DC Leaves for Anthelmintic Activity International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology Volume 1, Issue 2, July - September 2008.
- Synthesis of Nα-Protected Diazomethylketone Using COMU and its Application in the Preparation of Bromomethylketones and Selenazoles:Study of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, IN
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 5, No 11Sp (2016), Pagination: 129-135Abstract
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of N-protected diazomethylketone was developed using (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylideneaminooxy)-dimethylamino-morpholinomethylene) methanaminium hexa-fluorophosphate (COMU) and N-nitrosourea (NNU) is developed. Conversion of carboxylic acids to diazomethylketones in an excellent yield was obtained under milder reaction conditions, through a simple workup. Further, the synthesized compounds were used for the preparation of bromomethylketones using 45% aqueous HBr and selenazoles. Prepared bromomethylketones were subjected for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains and antioxidant studies. Antibacterial activity reveals that the compound Fmoc-Phe-CO-CH2-Br exhibited the zone of inhibition with respect to Streptomycin sulphate standard. For antioxidant assay, % RSC of Fmoc-Ala-CO-CH-N2, Fmoc-Phe-CO-CH2-Br and Fmoc-Phe-CO-CH-N2 exhibited free radical inhibition or scavenger activity with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The synthesized compounds were characterized by HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR studies.
Keywords
N-Protected Diazomethyl Ketone, Bromomethyl Ketone, Selenazole, COMU, NNU, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Studies.- The Role Of Cloud Computing In Sharing Of Information Resources Among Digital Libraries In New Digital Era
Authors
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 2, No 6 (2013), Pagination:Abstract
The evolution of traditional library collections to digital or virtual collections has given new dimension. The Internet, Web environment and associated sophisticated tools have given a new dynamic role to play and serve the new information based society in better ways than previously. Because of the powerful features of Web i.e. distributed, heterogeneous, collaborative, multimedia, multi-protocol, hypermedia-oriented architecture, World Wide Web has revolutionized the way people access information, and has opened up new possibilities in areas such as digital libraries, virtual libraries, scientific information retrieval and dissemination. For above list there is a new addition called “cloud computing”, it is a new technology which uses Internet and central remote servers to keep up data and applications. The article gives an overview of limitless scope of cloud computing using internet and web, the role of cloud computing in sharing of information resources through internet and web environment especially as intermediary, facilitator, knowledge manager and shifter of information resources is also described.