Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Ilangovan ¹, S. Sitta-Djody ¹, H. M. Balaganes ¹, N. A. Jayavelan ², M. S. Holi ², N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medicai Sciences, Chennai 600113, IN
2 Institute Hospital, Biomedical Engineering Division, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN

Abstract

Osteoporosis is characterized by impairment of bone mass and deterioration of bone microscopic structure, resulting in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis is considered as a postmenopausal woman's disease; however, recent studies indicate that the effects of this disease in men are at least as severe as in women. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and its binding proteins (IGFBPs) are known to influence the bone physiology.

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S. Sitta-Djody ¹, R. Ilangovan ¹, M. Balaganesh ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, IN

Abstract

The age-related defects in osteoblast number and function may be due to quantitative and qualitative stem cell defects. Early commitment and conversion of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) towards osteoblastic lineage is a critical step in the process of bone formation and bone remodeling, which is regulated by various systemic hormones and local factors. There are a few studies that analyze whether changes in the functional characteristics of osteoblastic progenitor cells, the BMSCs.

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V. Gopala Krishnan ¹, A. Sundaram ², C. R. Anand Mosses ², S. Raghunandanan ³, N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, IN
2 Department of Diabetology, Govt. Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital, Kilpauk, Chennai 600 010, IN
3 Department of Medicine, Govt. Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital, Kilpauk, Chennai 600 010, IN

Abstract

A number of endocrine disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism and hyperparathyroidism have been associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Since diabetes mellitus and osteopenia are very common and of great socioeconomic relevance, interactions between both have become an interesting topic.

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S. Yuvaraj ¹, C. Parthasarathy ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, P. Govindarajulu ¹, K. Balasubramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, IN

Abstract

Clinical and experimental studies have shown the adverse effects of diabetes on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. The present study was designed to assess the effects of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes on Leydig cell LH receptors and steroidogenic enzymes. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight. Induction of diabetes was confirmed by plasma insulin and glucose estimations. One set of diabetic rats was treated with insulin (3U/100g body weight/day in two equally divided doses), 3 days after STZ treatment. Control and experimental animals were killed after twenty days.

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M. R. Vijayababu ¹, P. Kanagaraj ¹, A. Arunkumar ¹, Siva Dhanammal ¹, K. Balasubramanian ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, M. M. Aruldhas ¹, J. Arunakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, IN

Abstract

Recent estimates have placed prostate cancer as the most commonly diagnosed malignancy. It is the fourth most common cancer in men worldwide. Androgen dependent prostate cancer can responds to androgen ablative therapy. However, if the cell contains heterogeneous population of both androgen dependent and androgen independent, the androgen ablative therapy can only responds to androgen dependent cell population but not to independent cancer.

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S. Rengarajan ¹, R. Sivakumar ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, P. Govindarajulu ¹, K. Balasubramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600 113, IN

Abstract

Glucocorticoid excess due to stress, endocrine disorders or therapeutic application has been recognized to have an adverse efTect on androgenic status of men. Our previous studies emphasized the defective LH signal transduction in Leydig cells exposed to corticosterone. The present study was designed to identify the dose-dependent effects of corticosterone on the regulation of Leydig cell surface LH receptors and steroidogenic potency in vitro.

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R. Sivakumar ¹, J. Arunakaran ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, P. Govindarajulu ¹, K. Balasubramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600 113, IN

Abstract

Therapeutic or experimental radiation exposure is known to impair testicular Leydig cell function. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie such effects are largely unknown. Our previous study demonstrated that higher doses of gamma radiation impair basal and LH-stimulated cAMP production. The present study deals with the dose dependent effects of gamma radiation on LH and cAMP stimulated steroidogenesis in human Leydig cells. Testicles removed from advanced prostatic carcinoma patients, who do not have any endocrine or metabolic disorders known to affect the testicular functions were used in the present study. Prior to orchidectomy, serum hormones such as FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol were assayed to evaluate the testicular functions.

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P. Kanagaraj ¹, M. R. Vijayababu ¹, S. Sitta-Djody ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, M. M. Aruldhas ¹, P. Govindarajulu ¹, J. Arunakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALMPGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai - 600 113, IN

Abstract

Insulin like growth factors have been implicated in the regulation of prostate epithelial cell proliferation and induction of prostate cancer. Estrogens play an important role in prostate physiology and disease development. E₂ has been reported to regulate the production of IGFs and IGFBPs in prostate cell lines. Hence, it is attempted to study the effects of E₂ on the production of IGFs and IGFBPs in PC-3 cell line. The PC-3 cells (1x10⁵ cells/ well) were treated with different doses of E₂ (1,10 and 10 nM) for 24 hrs and 48 hrs, the conditioned media were collected and assayed for IGF-I and IGFBP-5. Dose and duration dependent effect of E₂ on IGF-I and IGFBP-5 on PC-3 eel lines will be discussed with available literature.

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P. Venkataraman ¹, M. Sridhar ¹, S. Dhanammal ¹, P. Murugesan ¹, J. Arunakaran ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, M. M. Aruldhas ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600113, IN

Abstract

Effects of quercetin, vitamin C and E on PCB exposed ventral prostaitc zinc content were studied in adult albino rats, a group of 20 rats were treated with Aroclor 1254 (2 mg/kg bwt/day/IP) for 30 days. Five rats were treated as PCB control. The remaining 15 rats were subdivided into the following subgroups of five animals each. They were given vitamin C (500 mg/kgbwt/day/oral) for 10 days; vitamin E (50 mg/kg bwt/day/oral) for 10 days; quercetin (2 mg/kg bwt/day/oral) for 10 days.

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E. Thirupavai ¹, S. Veni ¹, S. Sitta Djody ¹, R. Ilangovan ¹, M. Balaganesh ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600113, IN

Abstract

Bone marrow is a complex tissue, which contains stem cells for haematopoietic and mesenchymal lineage. Among various growth factors that regulate bone remodeling, TGF-bl is the major growth fator, which is synthesized and stored in bone in large amount. But, the exact role of TGF-bl on the differentiation and mineralization of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) is still not clear. Hence, the present study is designed to delineate the role of rhTGF-bl on the differentiation and mineralization of rat BMSC in vitro. Bone marrow stem cells were isolated from the femur bones of healthy rats and cultured with osteogenic medium (OM).

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S. Veni ¹, E. Thirupavai ¹, S. Sitta Djody ¹, R. Ilangovan ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600113, IN

Abstract

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) develop into pre-osteoblast, mature into osteoblast and attain sensitivity as osteocytes. Among the potential regulators of bone formation, insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) occupies an important position because of its ability to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Although, it is well known that osteoblasts are important target cell types, little is known about the effect of rhIGF-I on osteoprogenitors.

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M. Balaganesh ¹, R. Ilangovan ¹, S. Sitta Djody ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600 113, IN

Abstract

Bone formation is a dynamic process, which is regulated by various hormones and local growth factors. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have shown that estrogen deficiency delays the maturation of the skeleton and interferes with the normal growth of the bones.

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R. llangovan ¹, M. Balaganesh ¹, S. Sittadjody ¹, R. Sivakumar ¹, M. Sridhar ¹, R. C. Vignesh ¹, B. Ravi Sankar ¹, J. Arunakaran ¹, K. Balasubramanian ¹, M. Michael Aruldhas ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai - 600 113, IN

Abstract

In the present investigation, 100 osteoporotic men with 100 age-matched normal were studied for serum sex steroids, parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid hormone (T₃), cytokines and bone turnover markers. Serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was significantly decreased in osteoporotic men compared with normal. In osteoporotic men, there was a significant increase in serum interleukin (IL)-lalpha. A marked increase in bone formation marker, serum osteocalcin (OCN) and bone resorption marker, serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) reflects high bone turnover in osteoporotic men. In conclusion, the present findings point out an important role of DHT in maintaining BMD in men. A strong positive correlation of serum DHT with BMD offers new perspectives in understanding the role of non-aromatizable androgen in the regulation of bone metabolism in men.

Keywords

BMD, Cytokines, DHT.

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T. Grewal ¹, T. Gopaldas ¹, P. Hartenberger ¹, I. Ramakrishnan ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, D. P. Devgun ¹

Affiliations
1 CARE-lndia, B-28 Greater Kailash I, New Delhi-48, IN

Abstract

Instant CSM a precooked form of corn-soy-milk comprised the food input of a preschool child nutrition pilot study known as Project POSHAK. The study was administered by CARE-India and aims at testing the feasibility of a 'take-home' food delivery System.

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A. C. Kansra ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, T. Gopaldas ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Poshak, CARE-India, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

This paper reports on the use of linear programming (an operations research technique) as a potential aid for theoretically formulating nutritionally balanced weaning mixtures from locally available food items which are generally available even in the impoverished tribal homes of India.

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T. Grewal , T. Gopaldas , V. J. Gadre , S. N. Shrivastava , B. M. Pranjpe , B. N. Chatterjee , N. Srinivasan

Abstract

Problems involved in conducting large scale dietary surveys are as well known as the need for conducting them, particularly in India, Dietary surveys constitute one of the evaluation tools of a nutrition pilot study called Project Poshak being undertaken in Madhya Pradesh. It was necessary to standardize survey techniques on the rural Madhya Pradesh population which consists of both tribal and non-tribal families, and also because Medical and Paramedical Staff of Primary Health Centres, new to dietary survey methodology, were to be used as field investigators.

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S. Muruganandam ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai – 600119, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: E-learning is adapted to suit the different heterogeneous learners with different leaning styles. Felder and Silverman have given a catalogue of learning styles (FSLS). This paper is indented to analyze the reliability of their recommended learning styles. Method: Personalization is the latest improvement in E-learning system. Personalized E-learning system (PES) is suggested as the next generation of E-learning system. Various factors are analyzed to address the prediction of user's preferences. Learning styles is main deciding factor of personalizing E-leaning system. Most of the personalized models personalizing on learning styles have used FSLS. Previous research works performs the analysis of FSLS with single set of data. In this paper, the model is tested with two distinct of data using Karl's Pearson Coefficient method. To carry out analysis, adaption model is developed with FSLS using JAVA language. Findings: The observation of Appraisal of FSLS model states that it is strongly accepted by one set of data and there is small divergence in another set of data. Applications/Improvement: The study can be expanded with larger set of data and more than two distinct set of data.

Keywords

Learning Styles, Learning Style Preferences, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Technology-Enhanced Learning

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N. Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Pune, IN

Abstract

Real cost of loans under microfinance from different sources was a matter of discussion for long due to its variation across the agencies concerned. The factors underlying the debate on transaction costs of micro-credit have been analysed in this paper to gain a clear understanding of issues involved. Components such as delivery mechanism, staff, scale of business, size of loan, frequency of repayment, investment in technology used and infrastructure, etc. influenced the cost of loan in addition to cost of fund and risk cost involved. Studies carried out to understand the cost structure in providing credit to rural areas and microfinance clients observed that the cost of public sector banks in providing small loans to customers was much higher compared to private sector banks. Studies also revealed that Indian MFIs have been much more efficient than the global counterparts with their operating expense ratios lower than the global levels. The paper suggest that the MFIs that seek to maximise profits are required to reduce their transaction costs and widen the gap between operating costs ratio and the margin cap. The objective of delivering credit at reasonable interest rates to vulnerable borrowers cannot be achieved by managing transaction costs alone, finance costs have to be reduced for which government may have to think of providing targeted subsidies.

Keywords

Microfinance, Loan Repayment Problems.

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N. Srinivasan ¹, C. Lakshmi ²

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Software Engineering, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Securities trade data is a high dimensional time course of action cash related data that positions exceptional computational challenges. Stock data is variable with respect to time, suspecting the future example of the expenses is a trying task. The segments that effect the consistency of stock data can't be judged as the same variables may affect the estimation of the stock always. We propose a data burrowing approach for the desire of the advancement of securities trade. It consolidates using the innate estimation for pre taking care of and a cross breed packing strategy of Hierarchical gathering and Fuzzy C-Means for clustering. The genetic figuring helps in dimensionality diminish and packing makes highlight vectors that help with estimate.

Keywords

Fuzzy, C-Means, Stock, Prediction, Genetic Algorithm.

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N. Srinivasan ¹, R. Sowdhamini ²

Affiliations
1 Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 065, IN
2 National Centre for Biological Sciences, Benglauru 560 012, IN

Abstract

Professor C. Ramakrishnan who had made several seminal contributions over the last five decades in the area of conformational analysis of peptides and proteins passed away on 13 March 2019 in Bengaluru. He has left behind his lovely family, comprising his wife (Sakuntala), son (Pradeep) and daughter (Pavithra) and innumerable friends, colleagues and ex-students.

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Koyeli Girigoswami ¹, Devender ¹, N. Srinivasan ¹, Agnishwar Girigoswami ¹

Affiliations
1 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, IN

Abstract

Propagation of stem cells in abundance is essential for use as cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Proliferation and differentiation of stem cells are influenced by interaction between cells and their microenvironment. Extracelluar matrix (ECM) forms the chunk of niche with its components, which is remodelled by the cellular activity. The remodelling and change of ECM components have an impact on cellular activity. ECM plays a vital role in the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. In the present study, we have examined the proliferative ability of mouse embryonic stem cells (C3H10 T1/2 clone 8) grown on cell-free ECM isolated from KB and MCF-7 cancer cell line cultures, separately, using standard ammonium hydroxide method. The texture of ECM was characterized from images captured with inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The growth of C3H10 T1/2 clone 8 cells over KB-ECM and MCF-ECM was monitored up to 192 h and the doubling time was estimated. KB-ECM promoted growth rate by reducing the doubling time from 23 to 14 h, whereas MCF-ECM prolonged the lifetime of stem cells by extending the log phase of growth. The surface topography of KBECM under SEM showed rough, irregular and meshlike structure compared to MCF-7-derived ECM. This may account for enhanced growth rate of stem cells. The findings underscore the relevance of modifications to scale-up the generation of stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. Further studies are required with different sources of stem cells grown on modified components of ECM to identify the appropriate ECM.

Keywords

: Cancer cell lines, extracellular matrix, regenerative medicine, stem cells, tissue engineering.

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T. Bency Baby ¹, R. Murali ¹, T. N. K. Suriyaprakash ², V. V. Venkatachalam ¹, S. Vigil Anbiah ³, N. Srinivasan ¹, V. Ajeesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy, FEAT, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608002, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, Keezhattur, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram – 679325, Kerala, IN
3 Central Animal House, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram – 608002, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The present research work was carried out to explore the potential use Flacourtia inermis [FI] fruits for the prevention and treatment of obesity through pancreatic lipase inhibition in vitro. The study also aimed to investigate the chemical profiling of ethanol extract of FI using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography (HR-LC/MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Materials and Methods: Dried fruits of Flacourtia inermis were pulverised and subsequently extracted using various solvents in sequential steps of increasing polarity, such as hexane, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. After phytochemical analysis by preliminary chemical testing various extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, and the ethanol extract was found to have an IC₅₀ close to that of reference drug orlistat. The most potent ethanol extract was analysed by HPTLC and separated through column chromatography, and further analysis was performed by HR-LC/MS and 1H-NMR techniques. Results: The presence of various phytoconstituents in this plant was detected using different types of analytical techniques. PL lipase inhibitory activity was observed in extracts in a dose dependent manner. Performing PL inhibition assay, it was found that the ethanol fruit extracts have lipase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 377.15 μg/ml. HPTLC finger printing of the ethanol extract showed the presence of various bioactice compounds. HR-LC/MS study of the most active ethanol extract indicated the presence of different phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids. Column chromatographic separation of ethanol fruit extract of FI followed by structural elucidation using various spectral studies demonstrated the presence of two compounds namely myricetin and quinic acid. Conclusion: The study suggests that the edible fruits of Flacourtia inermis have the potential to inhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme and therefore, may be recommended for the management of obesity. Additionally, our research sheds light on the phytochemistry of flacourtia species and may lead to the development of novel chemical entities as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors.

Keywords

Chromatography, Flacourtia inermis, Mass Spectrometry, Obesity, Pancreatic Lipase, Phytochemicals, NMR.

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