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Gupta, Naveen
- Biomass and Carbon Allocation in Different Parts of Agroforestry Tree Species
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Rooting Pattern, Short Rotation Tree Species
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 7 (2009), Pagination: 981-993Abstract
The assessment of carbon storage potential has been difficult due to the lack of information on biomass compartmentation and carbon allocation in different species. For most of the species used for afforestation/reforestation, only the above ground biomass potentials are known but to have a picture of carbon storage potential of species, the below ground biomass pattern are equally important. This study was aimed to measure the biomass partitioning and the actual carbon allocation in different components of agroforestry tree species. The biomass accumulation through stem was highest in Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (22.35 kg), which was statistically at par with Populus deltoides (18.92 kg) and Eucalyptus tereticornis (16.16 kg). There was no statistical difference in below-ground biomass of different tree species. The highest tree stem carbon storage at the plantation level was found in Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (6.05 t ha-1), while the lowest was in Syzygium cumini (0.73 t ha-1). The mean carbon storage in tree ischolar_mains was 1.55 t ha-1, while the mean stem carbon storage was 2.70 t ha-1. It was observed that the carbon content of biomass components had relatively little influence on total carbon storage compared to the relative biomass in each tree components. Stem alone though was the largest store house of carbon but litter and ischolar_mains in the short rotation tree species play a major role in carbon sequestration in the soil reservoir. The fate of stem carbon depends upon its end use and needs locking up in post harvest products for longer period.Keywords
Biomass Partitioning, Carbon Sequestration, C:N Ratio, Morphological Parameters,Rooting Pattern, Short Rotation Tree Species
- Accounting Poplar and Wheat Productivity for Carbon Sequestration in Agri-silvicultural System
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Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 9 (2010), Pagination: 1174-1182Abstract
The increasing level ot green house gases in general and carbon dioxide in particular has raised concerns about the vulnerability of human, animal and plant life. Forests though serve as source and sink of the CO2 there is need to synthesize the impact of climate change on forests and the role of forests in global carbon cycle. Soil accounts for a major organic carbon pool, which needs to be quantified in tree based systems. At a rotation of seven years, poplar timber carbon content was 23.57t/ha and an equal amount was contributed by ischolar_mains, leaves and tree bark. The contribution of branches was 24 per cent of the total 62,48t poplar biomass (carbon storage) in seven years. Soil organic carbon increase was also substantial under tree-crop interface than sole wheat cultivation. The annual biomass in agroforestry intervention not only accumulated sixty per cent more carbon but a major portion of carbon is stored over a longer period than the sole crop.Keywords
Poplar-wheat Intercropping, Productivity, Carbon Sequestration, Organic Carbon- Domain Satisfaction Predictors of Psychological Empowerment and Determinants
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Pacific Academy of Higher Education & Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Hindustan Institute of Management & Computer Studies, Farah Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Institute of Information Technology & Management, New Delhi, IN
1 Pacific Academy of Higher Education & Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Hindustan Institute of Management & Computer Studies, Farah Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Institute of Information Technology & Management, New Delhi, IN
Source
Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, Vol 4, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 56-64Abstract
Subjective evaluations of levels of importance and satisfaction of areas (domains) of life constitute multi-dimensional overall quality of life of individuals. Faculty members seeking satisfaction in their domains of life are likely to feel more psychologically empowered. The education industry tends to report positive and significant relationship between overall quality of life and overall psychological empowerment. Only age is correlated to psychological empowerment. Satisfaction with domains of community belonging, physical being, and satisfaction with: 'my nutrition and the food I eat' significantly predict overall psychological empowerment of faculty members. Satisfaction with domain of physical being, and satisfaction with: 'my nutrition and the food I eat' significantly predict goal internalization determinant of psychological empowerment. Satisfaction with domains of leisure becoming, social belonging, physical being, and satisfactions with each of 'visiting and socializing with others I do'; 'how I fit in larger social group'; and 'having a spouse or a special person' significantly predict perceived competence determinant of psychological empowerment of faculty members in the education industry. Suggestions for further research are proposed.Keywords
Psychological Empowerment, Quality of Life, Nine-Areas of QOL, Domain Satisfactions.References
- Brown, I., Renwick, R., & Raphael, D. (1996/1998). Quality of Life Profi le (Adults- Full Version), Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto Canada.
- Cheung, Y. W., Mok, B., & Cheung, T. (2005). Personal empowerment and life satisfaction among self-help group members in Hong Kong. Small Group Research, 36, 354-377.
- Dickson, K., & Lorenz, A. (2009). Psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of temporary and part-time nonstandard workers: A Preliminary investigation. institute of behavioral and applied management, Retrived from http://www.britannica.com/bps /additional content/ 18/37802954/ Psychological Empowerment and Job Satisfaction of Temporary and Part-time Nonstandard workers : A Preliminary Investigation.
- Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2003). Findings on subjective well-being and their implications-The paper presented at the Workshop on ‘Measuring Empowerment: CrossDisciplinary Perspectives. World Bank in Washington, DC. February 4 and 5, 2003.
- Hancer, M., & George, R. T. (2003). Psychological empowerment of non-supervisory employees working in fullservice restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 22, 3-16.
- Handa, P., & Singh, M. (2013). Assessment and Impact of quality of life on psychological empowerment in education industry. International Journal of Management Development & Information Technology, 11, 34-40.
- Menon, S. T. (2001). Employee empowerment: An integrative psychological approach. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, 153-180.
- Miller, P. A., Goddard, P., & Laschinger, H. (2001). Evaluating physical therapists’ perception of empowerment using Kanter’s theory of structural power in organizations.Journal of the American Physical TherapyAssociation, 81, 1880-1888.
- Oladipo, S. E. (2009). Psychological empowerment and development. Edo Journal of Counseling, 2, 119-126.
- Seibert, S., Wang, G., & Stephen. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 981-1003.
- Spreitzer. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1442-1465.
- Spreitzer, G. M., Kizilos, M. A. & Nason, S. W. (1997). A dimensional analysis of the relationship between psychological empowerment and effectiveness., satisfaction and strain. Journal of Management, 23, 679-704.
- Tastan, S., & Bal. (2013). The relationship between psychological empowerment and psychological well being: The role of self-efficacy perception and social support. Temmuz, 139-154.
- In vitro Evaluation of Floating Microspheres of Gabapentin by Solvent Evaporation Method
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Patel College of Pharmacy, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, M.P., IN
1 Patel College of Pharmacy, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, M.P., IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 14, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 145-149Abstract
The present study involves the design and characterization of floating microspheres with gabapentin as model drug for prolongation of tonic clonic jerk time, microsphere of gabapentin, was developed to reduce the frequency of drug administration, ease of dose adjustment and improve patient compliance. In this study, the shape and surface morphology of microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro drug release studies were performed and drug release kinetics was evaluated using the linear regression method.Effects of polymer concentration, solvent composition, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and drug release were also studied. The synthesized microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release (> 10 h) and remained buoyant for > 24 h. The drug entrapment efficiency was in the range 50-70 %. At higher polymer concentration, the average particle size was increased and the drug release rate decreased. In vitro studies revealed diffusion controlled drug release from the microspheres. Among all the formulations (F1-F6), F3 is the optimized formulation of gabapentin was prepared by solvent evaporation techniques using Ethyl cellulose as polymer and particle size, microsphere efficiencies and in vitro release of the fabricated microsphere were evaluated. Particle sizes of the microspheres were influenced by the concentration of Ethyl cellulose and stirring speed. From the results of the in vitro study shows that the desired release rate is achieved by ethyl cellulose. The object of this study was to develop and evaluate stable microspheres of gabapentin drug an antiepileptic drug using combination of Eudragit and ethyl cellulose as polymer which delivers the drug at a controlled rate for a prolonged period of time. Ethyl cellulose used in this study and it is showing hard binding of microspheres.Keywords
Gabapentin, Sustained release, Ethyl Cellulose.References
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- Anand K.S., Devendra N.R. and Saurabh W.; 2018 “Floating microspheres of cimetidine: Anthony B., Abhay G., Vilayat A., Mansoor A., and Patrick J.; Development and application of a validated HPLC method for the determination of gabapentin and its major degradation impurity in drug products; J. of Pharm. And Biomed.
- Backonja, M., A. Beydoun, K.R. Edwards, S.L. Schwartz and V. Fonsecal, 1998. Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 280: 1831-1836.
- Ceyda T. Sengel-Turk, Canan H. and Nursin G.: Microsphere based once-daily modified release matrix tablets for oral administration in angina pectoris; J. of Microencapsulation; June (2008); 25(4): 257-266.
- Chang, E.Y., N. Ghosh, D. Yanni, S. Lee, D. Alexandru and T. Mozaffar, 2013. A review of spasticity treatments: pharmacological and interventional approaches. Crit. Rev. Phys. Rehabil. Med., 25: 11-22.
- Clarke's Analysis of Drugsand Poisons, Pharmaceutical press Eide, P.K., 1998. Pathophysiological mechanisms of central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 36: 601-612.
- Finnerup, N.B., I.L. Johannesen, S.H. Sindrup, F.W. Bach and T.S. Jensen, 2001. Pain and dysesthesia in patients with spinal cord injury: A postal survey. Spinal Cord, 39: 256-262.