Informatics Publishing Limited

Sanjeev K. Chauhan , Naveen Gupta , Ritu , Sudhir Yadav , Rajni Chauhan

Abstract

The assessment of carbon storage potential has been difficult due to the lack of information on biomass compartmentation and carbon allocation in different species. For most of the species used for afforestation/reforestation, only the above ground biomass potentials are known but to have a picture of carbon storage potential of species, the below ground biomass pattern are equally important. This study was aimed to measure the biomass partitioning and the actual carbon allocation in different components of agroforestry tree species. The biomass accumulation through stem was highest in Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (22.35 kg), which was statistically at par with Populus deltoides (18.92 kg) and Eucalyptus tereticornis (16.16 kg). There was no statistical difference in below-ground biomass of different tree species. The highest tree stem carbon storage at the plantation level was found in Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (6.05 t ha^-1), while the lowest was in Syzygium cumini (0.73 t ha^-1). The mean carbon storage in tree ischolar_mains was 1.55 t ha^-1, while the mean stem carbon storage was 2.70 t ha^-1. It was observed that the carbon content of biomass components had relatively little influence on total carbon storage compared to the relative biomass in each tree components. Stem alone though was the largest store house of carbon but litter and ischolar_mains in the short rotation tree species play a major role in carbon sequestration in the soil reservoir. The fate of stem carbon depends upon its end use and needs locking up in post harvest products for longer period.

Keywords

Biomass Partitioning, Carbon Sequestration, C:N Ratio, Morphological Parameters,
Rooting Pattern, Short Rotation Tree Species

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Sanjeev K. Chauhan , S. C. Sharma , R. Chauhan , Naveen Gupta , Ritu

Abstract

The increasing level ot green house gases in general and carbon dioxide in particular has raised concerns about the vulnerability of human, animal and plant life. Forests though serve as source and sink of the CO₂ there is need to synthesize the impact of climate change on forests and the role of forests in global carbon cycle. Soil accounts for a major organic carbon pool, which needs to be quantified in tree based systems. At a rotation of seven years, poplar timber carbon content was 23.57t/ha and an equal amount was contributed by ischolar_mains, leaves and tree bark. The contribution of branches was 24 per cent of the total 62,48t poplar biomass (carbon storage) in seven years. Soil organic carbon increase was also substantial under tree-crop interface than sole wheat cultivation. The annual biomass in agroforestry intervention not only accumulated sixty per cent more carbon but a major portion of carbon is stored over a longer period than the sole crop.

Keywords

Poplar-wheat Intercropping, Productivity, Carbon Sequestration, Organic Carbon

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Mandeep Singh ¹, Naveen Gupta ², Pankaj Handa ³

Affiliations
1 Pacific Academy of Higher Education & Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Hindustan Institute of Management & Computer Studies, Farah Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Institute of Information Technology & Management, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Subjective evaluations of levels of importance and satisfaction of areas (domains) of life constitute multi-dimensional overall quality of life of individuals. Faculty members seeking satisfaction in their domains of life are likely to feel more psychologically empowered. The education industry tends to report positive and significant relationship between overall quality of life and overall psychological empowerment. Only age is correlated to psychological empowerment. Satisfaction with domains of community belonging, physical being, and satisfaction with: 'my nutrition and the food I eat' significantly predict overall psychological empowerment of faculty members. Satisfaction with domain of physical being, and satisfaction with: 'my nutrition and the food I eat' significantly predict goal internalization determinant of psychological empowerment. Satisfaction with domains of leisure becoming, social belonging, physical being, and satisfactions with each of 'visiting and socializing with others I do'; 'how I fit in larger social group'; and 'having a spouse or a special person' significantly predict perceived competence determinant of psychological empowerment of faculty members in the education industry. Suggestions for further research are proposed.

Keywords

Psychological Empowerment, Quality of Life, Nine-Areas of QOL, Domain Satisfactions.

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Tirnja Rahangdale ¹, Naveen Gupta ¹, Neeraj Sharma ¹, Ankita Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Patel College of Pharmacy, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, M.P., IN

Abstract

The present study involves the design and characterization of floating microspheres with gabapentin as model drug for prolongation of tonic clonic jerk time, microsphere of gabapentin, was developed to reduce the frequency of drug administration, ease of dose adjustment and improve patient compliance. In this study, the shape and surface morphology of microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro drug release studies were performed and drug release kinetics was evaluated using the linear regression method.Effects of polymer concentration, solvent composition, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency and drug release were also studied. The synthesized microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release (> 10 h) and remained buoyant for > 24 h. The drug entrapment efficiency was in the range 50-70 %. At higher polymer concentration, the average particle size was increased and the drug release rate decreased. In vitro studies revealed diffusion controlled drug release from the microspheres. Among all the formulations (F1-F6), F3 is the optimized formulation of gabapentin was prepared by solvent evaporation techniques using Ethyl cellulose as polymer and particle size, microsphere efficiencies and in vitro release of the fabricated microsphere were evaluated. Particle sizes of the microspheres were influenced by the concentration of Ethyl cellulose and stirring speed. From the results of the in vitro study shows that the desired release rate is achieved by ethyl cellulose. The object of this study was to develop and evaluate stable microspheres of gabapentin drug an antiepileptic drug using combination of Eudragit and ethyl cellulose as polymer which delivers the drug at a controlled rate for a prolonged period of time. Ethyl cellulose used in this study and it is showing hard binding of microspheres.

Keywords

Gabapentin, Sustained release, Ethyl Cellulose.

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