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Rajesh Kaushal , L. S. Jeena , S. Chaturvedi , L. Tewari , S. K. Tewari

Abstract

The paper reports for the first time ischolar_maining in Adina cordifolia using macropropagation technique. Two different types of cuttings viz. branch cuttings (hardwood, semihardwood and softwood) and mono nodal leafy softwood cuttings, prepared from epicormic shoots were treated with 4000 and 6000 ppm IBA for 10 seconds. The results revealed that hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings failed to ischolar_main even with the application of IBA. Softwood cuttings prepared from terminal portion of the lateral branches showed 15 to 18 per cent ischolar_maining with the application of IBA. Mono nodal leafy softwood cuttings resulted in 62.5 per cent ischolar_maining with the application of 4000 ppm IBA. The ischolar_maining increased to 75 per cent when the concentration was increased to 6000 ppm IBA. Other ischolar_maining and sprouting parameters also showed similar pattern.

Keywords

Auxins, Branch Cuttings, Adina Cordifolia, Macropropagation

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Suveena Thakur ¹, D. R. Bhardwaj ², R. K. Kaushal ³, Rajesh Kaushal ⁴

Affiliations
1 Himachal Pradesh State Forest Department, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Silviculture and Agro Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Basic Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
4 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of five growing mediums and four levels of inorganic phosphorus on the growth and development of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii planting stock under mid-hill conditions of north-western Himalayas. The growing medium and phosphorus levels significantly influenced various growth and development traits individually as well as in combinations. The growing medium viz., sand + soil + FYM (1:1:1) proved to be significantly superior for enhancing height and diameter growth of the tiller's, number of tiller per sapling, number of nodes per tiller, number of ischolar_mains, length of ischolar_mains, number of rhizomes, dry weight of stem, ischolar_mains, rhizomes and underground biomass. Among the various levels of phosphorus, 5 g SSP/propagule significantly proved to be the best dose. In combination effect, the maximum dry weight of rhizome (2.82 g plant^-1 ) and underground biomass (9.69 g plant^-1 ) was recorded in the propagules grown in sand: soil: FYM (1:1:1 ) and supplied with P @ 5 g SSP/propagule.

Keywords

Growing Medium, Bamboo, Quality Planting Stock, Underground Biomass, Growth And Development, Propagule.

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Rajesh Kaushal ¹, Ratan Lal Banik ², Salil Tewari ³

Affiliations
1 Plant Science Division, CSWCRTI, Dehradun, IN
2 Scientific Advisor, NMBA, New Delhi, IN
3 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Rajesh Kaushal ¹, Ratan Lal Banik ², Salil Tewari ³

Affiliations
1 Plant Science Division, CSWCRTI, Dehradun, IN
2 NMBA, New Delhi, IN
3 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Asha Pandey ¹, R. K. Srivastava ², Rajesh Kaushal ³

Affiliations
1 Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar 201 308, IN
2 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 153, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN

Abstract

The present study focuses on sustainable utilization of greywater in short-rotation energy plantation - Eucalyptus hybrid, Populus deltoides, Salix alba and Melia azedarach. The dry matter produced by wastewater plots was 143%, 54%, 274% and 321% higher for Eucalyptus hybrid, Populus deltoides, Salix alba and Melia azedarach respectively, than the same plants in control plot. The calorific value of samples ranged from 4037 to 5190 Kcal kg^-1 in greywater plots, and 3460 to 4469 Kcal kg^-1 in control plots. The carbondioxide mitigation potential was 19, 13, 11 and 29 t ha^-1 higher for E. hybrid, P. deltoides, S. alba and M. azedarach trees respectively, under wastewater irrigation.

Keywords

Bioenergy Production, Calorific Value, Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Potential, Greywater Irrigation.

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Rahul Singh ¹, D. R. Bhardwaj ¹, Nazir A. Pala ², Rajesh Kaushal ¹, Bhalendra Singh Rajput ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173 230, IN
2 Department of Forestry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya Pundibari, Cooch Behar 736 165, IN
3 Department of Agronomy (Agroforestry), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231 001, IN

Abstract

Eight predominant land use systems, viz. agriculture (T₁), horticulture (T₂), agrisilviculture (T₃), silvopastoral (T₄), agrihorticulture (T₅), agrihortisilviculture (T₆), forest (T₇) and grassland (T₈) of subtropical parts of Himachal Pradesh were selected along two altitudinal ranges A₁ (365–635 m amsl) and A₂ (636– 914 m amsl) to observe the variation in soil microbial activity and microbial characteristics. Agroforestry land uses and forest ecosystems displayed significantly higher microbial counts and microbial biomass carbon than agriculture and grasslands. The CO₂ evolution (soil microbial activity) was found higher in agrisilviculture, agrihortisilviculture, forest and grass-land use systems at both altitudinal ranges. Soil biological properties (microbial count, microbial biomass and microbial activity) were maximum in forest landuse system. Among the agroforestry land-use systems, agrisilviculture had significantly higher microbial counts. The maximum microbial count (164.50 × 10⁵ cfu g^–1 soil) was recorded in forest and remained statistically at par with agrisilviculture (162.34 × 10⁵ cfu g^–1 soil). Minimum microbial count (80.66 × 10⁵ cfu g^–1 soil) was observed in agriculture land use. At both the altitudinal ranges, the CO₂ evolution was highest at 48 h time interval and decreased thereafter. The metabolic quotient (qCO₂) indicated that C-use efficiency is higher in grassland use and agriculture land use systems than other studied systems.

Keywords

Microbial Biomass Carbon, CO₂ Evolution, Metabolic Quotient, Land Uses.

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Amit Kumar ¹, G. K. Dwivedi ¹, Salil Tewari ¹, Jaipaul ¹, V. K. Sah ¹, Hukum Singh ², Parmanand Kumar ², Narendra Kumar ², Rajesh Kaushal ³

Affiliations
1 Agroforestry Section, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar 243 145, IN
2 Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 006, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Abstract

Knowledge of carbon (C) pools in soils is helpful in devising practices for efficient carbon management in intensive cropping systems. Carbon fractions of soil organic carbon are used asan indicator for land-use induced change in soil quality. The present study evaluated carbon pools under Terminalia chebula(chebulic myrobalan) based agroforestry system supplied with different nutrient sources, viz. farmyard manure, poultry manure, vermicompost, wheat straw and inorganic fertilizer (NPK @ 100:80:60). Carbon fractions, viz. very labile (C₁ frac), labile (C₂ frac), less labile (C₃ frac) and non-labile (C₄ frac), were analysed at 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil depth. The higher value of C₁ frac (13.8%), C₂ frac (4.8%), C₃ frac (8.3%) and C₄ frac(11.1%) were recorded under agroforestry as compared to open system. Among the nutrient sources, all the carbon fractions were higher under 100% integrated nutrient sources as compared to controlled treatment. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was recorded higher (298.31 μg g^–1 ) under agroforestry system compared to the open system (290.63 μg g^–1 ) at 0–15 cm. Among the different nutrient sources, higher MBC (458.66 μg g^–1 ) at 0–15 cm and lower (340.59 μg g^–1 ) at 15–30 cm soil depth was recorded in 100% integrated treatment.Thus, agroforestry-based land-use types and integrated nutrient management are more efficient for soil health and carbon management in Himalayan foothills.

Keywords

Active Pool, Carbon Fractions, Labile, Nonlabile, Nutrient Sources, Passive Pool.

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Amit Kumar ¹, Salil Tewari ², Hukum Singh ¹, Parmanand Kumar ¹, Narendra Kumar ¹, Sarita Bisht ¹, Suruchi Devi ¹, Nidhi ¹, Rajesh Kaushal ³

Affiliations
1 Forest Research Institute, Dehradun 248 006, IN
2 G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Abstract

Agroforestry has great potential for carbon (C) sequestration among different land uses of the Himalayan region, India. However, our knowledge of C sequestration in particular, agroforestry system around the world is poor. Therefore, we conducted a study to understand biomass accumulation and carbon allocation in different components of the agroforestry system. The highest stem biomass was recorded in Eucalyptus tereticornis (69.43 ± 0.90 Mg ha^–1), branch biomass in Populus deltoids (5.04 ± 0.35 Mg ha^–1), leaf biomass also in P. deltoids (2.21 ± 0.12 Mg ha^–1), and ischolar_main biomass in Albizia procera (14.01 ± 0.44 Mg ha^–1). The highest (81.01%) C allocation was recorded in the stem of Toona ciliate, branch of P. deltoids (5.73%), leaves of E. tereticornis (2.93%) and ischolar_main of Anthocephalus cadamba (16.83%). The highest CO₂< mitigation (160.5 ± 2.55 Mg CO₂ ha^–1) and C sequestration (45.33 ± 0.60 Mg ha^–1) were recorded in E. tereticornis. The highest wheat crop biomass (11.85 ± 0.23 Mg ha^–1) and C stock (3.59 ± 0.05 Mg ha^–1) were recorded in P. deltiodes. However, soil carbon stock was recorded in E. tereticornis (37.5 ± 3.52 Mg ha^–1). Thus, trees on farmlands with crops are suitable for biomass production and C allocation in different components under changing climatic scenarios.

Keywords

Agroforestry System, Biomass, Carbon Stock, Carbon Dioxide Mitigation, Climate Change.

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Anand K. Gupta ¹, Pawan Kumar ¹, A. C. Rathore ¹, Parmanand Kumar ², Rajesh Kaushal ¹, Sadikul Islam ³, Devi Deen Yadav ⁴, D. K. Jigyasu ⁵, H. Mehta ¹

Affiliations
1 Plant Science Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
2 Forest Research Institute, Chakarata Road, Dehradun 248 001, IN
3 Hydrology and Engineering Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
4 Soil Science and Agronomy Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
5 Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Jorhat 785 700, IN

Abstract

Land degradation neutrality (LDN) adopted in 2015 as target 15.3 of sustainable development goals (SDGs), is a challenge as well as opportunity in the present world to restore the degraded lands. Soil and water con­servation (SWC) techniques in the form of bio-engi­neering measures have vast potential to attain LDN in sustainable manner. India has already announced a LDN target of 26 mha and is fully determined to meet the target by 2030. Therefore, this article proposes and recommends incorporation of SWC measures in effective ways at policy level as key to the success of LDN

Keywords

Degraded Land Restoration, Ecosystem Services, LDN, SDGs, SWC Techniques.

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Pankaj Panwar ¹, Sanjeev Chauhan ², D. K. Das ³, Rajesh Kaushal ⁴, Gurveen Arora ⁵, Sumit Chaturvedi ⁴

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Chandigarh 160 019, IN
2 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Panjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
3 Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848 125, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN
5 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN

Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) change can arise because of changes in land use, land management and climatic conditions. Modelling approach helps in proper choice of management practices for soil carbon build-up. In this context, RothC is a promising model for estimation of SOC changes in different land-use systems. In the present study, RothC model was used to predict the development of SOC in Populus deltoides plantation during three rotations in three agro-climatic zones of the Indo-Gangetic region, India. The result reveal that RothC fairly predicts SOC. Root mean square error for Lower Gangetic Region (LGR), Middle Gangetic Region (MGR) and Trans Gangetic Plain (TGP) was 2.75, 4.94 and 1.30 respectively, while comparing modelled and measured data. Model efficiency was 0.25, 0.36 and 0.89 for LGR, MGR and TGP respectively. The rate of change of measured SOC was 1.0, 1.59 and 1.51 mg ha^–1 year^–1 for LGR, MGR and TGP respectively, whereas the rate of change of simulated SOC was higher, i.e. 1.16 and 1.89 mg ha^–1 year^–1 for LGR and UGR respectively, and lower for TGP (0.97 mg ha^–1 year^–1).

Keywords

Management Practices, Populus deltoids, Simulation Models, Soil Organic Carbon.

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