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The process of edge detection plays a significant role in image processing and vision processing. True edge detection is very difficult to achieve because intensity varies sharply and has discontinuities. Many methods have been developed by researchers in last few years. After studying the literature on color edge detection, we figured out that advanced algorithm using fuzzy logics have attained high figure of merit (FOM) value of 1with small threshold values but as the value grows higher the FOM value reduces. In this paper an algorithm has been proposed in order to achieve high figure of merit by varying threshold in color edge detection.  In this algorithm, there is an improvement over previously proposed edge detection using fusion of hue-difference and PCA image. The results are promising.

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Background of the study:

Cessation of menstruation termed as menopause is the most striking feature during the period of transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive stage of life. Due to hormonal changes women may experience a wide range of physical, psychological and social problems. Issues associated with their fertility and decreased reproductive functioning makes them feel less desirable in the society. Psychological symptoms cause more damage to daily life and are also most often neglected. Stress due to transition includes adjusting to the changing self, adapting to alterations in sexuality caused by hormonal shifts. Coping strategies help the women to overcome these problems and lead a normal life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the psychosocial problems and coping strategies of postmenopausal women in selected communities of Ludhiana.

Objectives of the study:

The objectives of the study are;

1. To determine the level of psychosocial problems among postmenopausal women

2 To find out the coping strategies among postmenopausal women.

3. To find the association of psychosocial problems and coping strategies with the demographic variables.

Method: A descriptive survey approach was used for the study. The sample consisted of 50 postmenopausal women, selected by purposive random sampling method. Data was collected by structured interview schedule on psychosocial problems and coping strategies among postmenopausal women prepared by the investigator. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The findings showed that 37(74%) of postmenopausal women were having moderate psychosocial problems, 13(26%) of them were having mild psychosocial problems and none of them were having severe psychosocial problems. Majority (74%) of the postmenopausal women adopted adequate coping strategies and the least (26%) of them adopted inadequate coping strategies.

The study showed that there is a significant association of the level of psychosocial problems with the selected demographic variables like educational status, monthly income, religion, most supportive person in the family and the duration of menopause. The calculated χ² value of educational status (χ² = 7.68), monthly income (χ² =24.88), religion (χ² = 8.14), the most supportive person in the family (χ² = 13.93) and duration of menopause in years (χ² = 12.75) were more than the table values at 0.05 level of significance. Hence null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted. The findings also shows that there is no significant association of the level of psychosocial problems with the selected demographic variables like age, marital status, occupation, type of family, member of any social groups, parity and age of achievement of menopause. The calculated Chi-square value for age (χ² =3.06), marital status (χ² =2.71), occupation (χ² =1.33), type of family (χ² =0.24), member of any social groups (χ² = 0), parity (χ² = 4.04) and age of achievement of menopause (χ² = 1.05) were less than the table value, hence the null hypothesis is accepted.

The study showed that there was a significant association of the level of coping strategies with the selected demographic variables like age, marital status, educational status, occupation, monthly income, age of achievement of menopause and duration of menopause (in years). The calculated χ² value of age (χ² =11.52), marital status (χ² = 10.52), educational status (χ² = 8.86), occupation (χ² = 4.63), monthly income (χ² = 15.92), age of achievement of menopause (χ² = 7.98) and duration of menopause in years (χ² = 10.45) were more than the tables value at 0.05 level of significance. Hence null hypothesis is rejected and research hypothesis is accepted. The findings also shows that there is no significant association of the level of coping strategies with the selected demographic variables like religion, type of family, member of any social groups and parity. The calculated Chi-square value for religion (χ² =3.85), type of family (χ² = 1.27), member of any social groups (χ² = 0) and parity (χ² = 0.78) were less than the table value, hence the null hypothesis is accepted.

Interpretation and conclusion: The finding of the study have certain important implications for the nursing profession such as in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing research and nursing administration. This study was conducted with the objective to assess the psychosocial problems and coping strategies among postmenopausal women at Ludhiana.

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As concerned with wireless networks, the communication is done through the radio links where chances of unauthorized user are more which consequently degrades the performance of network and result is more delay. Wireless networks are broadly classified into two broad categories: infrastructure mode and infrastructure less mode. Various protocols are defined under this which uses their different mechanism for detection and isolation of the wormhole attacks. In this paper some of the studies are defined on the basis of methods used for the detection and avoidance of attacks adhere to its use in it. As the numerous attacks may arise over network on MANET, their comparison has been discussed on the basis of techniques and their effects.

This paper intends to find out all the possible ways to detect and avoid the wormhole attack in the network. It may not lead to complete isolation of the attack but plays an important role to reduce the wormhole attack.

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Quinazolines are a pharmacologically very attractive class of compounds. In the preliminary communication, 4- substituted phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazoline-2(1H)-thiones and their S-alkyl/aralkyl derivatives were synthesized. Through the Gaussian 03 studies, the expected stereochemistry of the synthesized compounds was checked. Also, the compounds were tested for antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescence.

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In the present study a novel thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidines were synthesized by one pot multicomponent cyclocondensation of 2-amino-4-phenyl thiazole, benzoyl acetone and various substituted aromatic aldehydes on solid support under microwave irradiations. The 2-amino-4-phenyl thiazole was synthesized from acetophenone. Some of the compounds were screened for anti-bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus pyogenes) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger, Neurospora crassa) activities by Agar Diffusion method.

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Abu-Nahleh Issa Ibrahim 2013, The Role of Leadership Theories in Information Technology Acceptance: Case Study at Al-Hikma Pharmaceutical Company', Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 1 No. 2, December 2013.

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In the hyper-connected world, data has been playing a significant role in earthing the system of every domain that one can think of. But, it is undeniable fact that today data has prone to serious threats as it was never before, which has questioned the reliability, integrity as well as security of data. So, the technology has emerged that can mitigate all these issues, and that technology is none other than the technology residing at the heart of Bitcoin, The Blockchain.

Blockchain is one of the powerful technologies that has brought a revolution in conventional trading techniques. Conceptually, it is an open and distributed ledger that maintains an irrefutable database of records of all transactions or values that have been executed and shared peer-to-peer directly obsoleting the need for trust-worthy intermediatory in a secure, verifiable, moreover, in a permanent way alleviating the risk of fraud.

The main objective of this paper is not only to make blockchain a common business trading language but also to present its compelling applications in contrasting domains that are beyond currency rides, specifically in healthcare, politics, and its strategic implications in bridging strong economy using smart contracts that can revolutionize our digital global village.

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