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M. P. Sujatha , T. P. Thomas , S. Sankar

Abstract

Considering the importance of reed bamboo (Ochlandra travancorica) in cottage and paper industries along with its indigenous ecofriendly and fast growing nature, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of reed bamboo on soil characteristics. For this typical soil profiles were studied in three major reed growing areas of Kerala State viz., Vazhachal, Pooyamkutty and Pamba and various soil properties were compared with those of adjacent non-reed bamboo areas. Results revealed that colour, structure, texture and the development of subsurface horizons are greatly influenced by the growth of reed when compared with the adjacent non-reed areas. The dominance of brown colour and coarse texture throughout the soil profiles and the presence of cambic horizon seemed to be characteristic of reed growing soils. A high dominance and increase in the content of lateritic gravel and accumulation of clay in the subsurface layers were noted in non-reed soils than reed soils. The surface soils of reed growing areas were coarse-textured, loose and acidic with higher content of organic matter. Results in general indicated that reed bamboo plays a great role on overall development and fertility of soils through its protective umbrella of canopy, litter and ischolar_main mat.

Keywords

Reed Bamboo, Soil Properties, Western Ghats, Kerala

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S. Chand Basha , S. Sankar , K. Balasubramanian

Abstract

The Silent Valley National Park is the largest chunk of comparatively undisturbed area aboding tropical rain forest in the whole of Western Ghats. The flora of the area is fascinating from the phytogeographical point of view with Asiatic endemic, Indo-Sri Lankan elements dominating the scenario. These are followed by Pantropic, Australo-Aslan, Indo-African and other forms. From the point of view richness in Biodiversity, this Silent Valley stands out as an exceptional location harbouring highly diverse life forms.

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K. C. Chacko , S. Sankar , R. C. Pandalai , U. N. Nandakumar

Abstract

A field trial was conducted at Mundakadavu of Karulai Range in Nilambur Forest Division during 1981-85 to study the effect of slasb burning on soil properties, weed growth, taungya yield and growtb of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in a second rotation plantatioD. Tbe study lead to tbe following conclusions. Burning caused significant enhancement of base content and change in soil reaction from acidic to alkaline. These effects were short-lived and within six months the soil had the same reaction and base content as at the start of the experiment. Though burning reduced weed growth during the first three months after planting, the difference was not significant subsequently. The yield of paddy (Oryza sativa L.), the first taungya crop, was not intlueuced by the treatments. None of the treatments had significant influence on survival of teak. The treatments effect on height of teak, noticed during the first three years, was not significant afterwards. Salvaging firewood between 10-30 em girth over bark (which would have otherwise been burned) yielded a net revenue of Rs. 756 per ha in 1982 after meeting the labour charges of Rs. 1244. As slash burning did not have lasting influence either on the growth of teak or on soil properties, a modification in the current practice is suggested. All wood down to 10 em girth over bark (the lower limit up to wbicb firewood collection may be feasible) could be salvaged and marketed and the rest either burned (resulting in a light slasb burning) or left at site to deteriorate over time.

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M. V. Durai , S. Sankar

Abstract

Iterative filtering and generation method (IFGM) process was adopted for developing and testing criteria and indicators (C and I) for sustainability of homestead farming in Kerala. It includes three processes viz., Filter I, Filter II and Filter III. Two hundred and forty four candidate sets of C and I were screened from various sources with Filter I and were reclustered into four guiding principles viz., a) Farming community well-being is assured, b) People well-being is assured, c) Homestead farmings' landscape health is assured and d) External environment is supportive to sustainable home gardens. At the end of field testing, 201 C and I were screened, which were subjected to Filter III. At the end of third process of IFGM, 176 appropriate C and I were identified for sustainable management of homestead farming. The rd maximum number of C and I were encountered under 3^rd principle (homegardens' landscape health is assured) with 24 criteria and 68 indicators. At homestead management unit level, C and I may be used as a tool for monitoring direction of change towards/away from sustainability and undertaking corrective action.

Keywords

Agroforestry, Homegarden, Sustainable Management, Criteria, Indicators, Farming

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S. Sankar ¹, S. Saravanan ¹, B.R. Rajan ¹, G. Boopathy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of eee, Panimalar Institute of Technology 391, Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai-600123, IN
2 Department of eee, Panimalar Institute of Technology 391, Bangalore Trunk Road, varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai-600123, IN
3 Department of eee, Panimalar Institute of Technology 391, Bangalore Trunk road, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai-600123, IN
4 Department of eee, Panimalar Institute of Technoology 391, Bangalore Trunk Road, varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai-600123, India., IN

Abstract

A steady state analysis is applied to study the voltage collapse problem. The modal analysis method is used to investigate the stability of the power system. Q-V curves are used to confirm the obtained results by modal analysis method and to predict the stability margin or distance to voltage collapse based on reactive power load demand. The load characteristics are considered in this research. Different voltage dependent loads are proposed in order to be used instead of the constant load model. The effect of induction machine load is considered in this study. The load is connected to several selected buses.

Keywords

PV and QV Diagram, Eigen Value & Eigen Vector, Participation Factor and Load Flow.

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M. Maladkar ¹, S. Sankar ¹, S. Awate ¹

Affiliations
1 Aristo Pharmaceuticals Private Limited, Mumbai., IN

Abstract

Background: Infection with Helicobacter Pylori (H.pylori) remains a major healthcare burden, with persistently high prevalence rates, especially in developing countries like India. H.pylori is the cause of most cases of Peptic Ulcer Disease and is a primary risk factor for gastric cancer. This infection if not treated effectively can lead to recurrence of Peptic Ulcer Disease. Numerous consensus groups around the world recommend a standard triple therapy as first-line therapy, including a proton pump inhibitor and a combination of Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin for eradication of H. pylori infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of kit containing Pantoprazole + Clarithromycin + Amoxycillin in H. pylori infected patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease. Methods: A prospective, open-label, non-comparative multicentric study was conducted. A pool of 500 patients was involved in the study and the duration of study was 14 days. Kit containing tablets of Pantoprazole 40mg + Clarithromycin 500mg + Amoxycillin 750mg was administered for 14 consecutive days as one tablet each twice a day. Results: At the end of the study, a significant difference was observed in various parameters from baseline. A significant reduction in abdominal pain was observed at the end of the treatment (the mean score of abdominal pain at the base line was 2.21 which reduced to 0.17 on the 14th day). Significant decrease in the symptoms of heartburn was observed (the mean score of heart burn at the base line was 2.19 which reduced to 0.15 on the 14th day). Similarly significant decrease in symptoms of bloating&dysphagia was observed at the end of the therapy. As per investigator's assessment about efficacy and tolerability, 96.2% of patients reported excellent efficacy and 92.4% of patients reported excellent tolerability. The therapy was well tolerated with few adverse events (AEs). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that Kit containing tablets of Pantoprazole + Clarithromycin + Amoxycillin is well tolerated and it showed significant improvement in the symptoms of H. pylori infected patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease at the end of treatment.

Keywords

Peptic Ulcer Disease, H. Pylori, Pantoprazole, Clarithromycin, Amoxycillin, Metronidazole

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K. Gowripriya ¹, D. Gowrishankar ¹, T. Geethambari ¹, S. Sankar ², S. Latha Shanmugavadivu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

In today’s world, technology has been used as strategy to win market and customers, which has changed the pattern of almost all the organizations in performing their business. The Indian banking industry is not an exception of it. With the advent and application of Information Technology (IT) the banking sector is becoming more and more innovative delivering a good competitive and better Service Quality (SQ) to their customers. The present system in our country is, if ATM card is along with the user, then only the user can able to use ATM machine. This ATM Management Project adds some applications that gives extra features to the customers. Our project deals with taking amount from the ATM without using ATM card.

Keywords

Security, ATM, AT89C51 Microcontroller, GSM Module.

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S. Sankar ¹, Sanjeev K. Sharma ¹, Deuk Young Kim ¹

Affiliations
1 Semiconductor Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100715, KR

Abstract

An inexpensive method was used to synthesize mesoporous silica (m-SiO₂) nanoparticles from sticky rice husk ash. The absence of sharp peaks in XRD pattern confirmed the amorphous nature of silica nanopowders. The SEM and TEM micrographs of m-SiO₂ reveal that the SiO₂ nanoparticles had a clustered spherical shape. The average particle size of the SiO₂ nanoparticles evaluated from TEM were observed to be 50 nm. The surface area of the silica nanopowder were measured from BET analysis to be 7.1548 m²g^-1.The spherical silica nanoparticle can be applied for energy storage and optoelectronic applications.

Keywords

Rice Husk Ash, Silica Nanoparticle, Microstructural Analysis, Surface and Pore Areameasurements.

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