Informatics Publishing Limited

Usha, S.

• Detection and Avoidance of Node Misbehavior in MANET Based on CLAODV

Abstract Views :476  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

S. Usha ¹, S. Radha ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai -600119, IN
2 ECE Department SSN College of Engineering, Chennai- 603110, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 4, No 10 (2011), Pagination: 1340-1346

Abstract

This paper depicts a model which not only evaluates the node's reputation, but also avoids the malicious node in the forwarding path. The simulation is performed by using the NS2 software. This model uses the IEEE 802.11 protocol with RTS, CTS, DATA and ACK signalling at the MAC layer. The paper models packet forwarding, passive misbehavior, active misbehavior and avoidance of malicious nodes in the route. The model also takes into account the blocking caused by the hidden node problem in wireless networks. The results achieved are both graphical as well as in the form of a network animation. Curves such as throughput and jitter are plotted to analyse the performance of the MANET.

Keywords

RTS, CTS, Clone Node, Jitter , Throughput

Full Text

   

References

• Abderrezak Rachedi (2007) Cross-Layer approach to improve the monitoring process for mobile ad hoc networks based on IEEE 802.11. IEEE Globecom Proc. pp: 1086-1091.
• Dipanjan Anupam J, Yelena Y and Tim F (2006) Toward distributed service discovery in pervasive computing environments. IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing. 5 (2), 97–112.
• Marti S, Giuli TJ, Lai K and Baker M (2000) Mitigating Routing Misbehavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In: Proc. of the 6th Annual ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Mobile Computing & Networking. pp: 255– 265.
• Mian AN, Baldoni R and Beraldi R (2009) A survey of service discovery protocols in multihop mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Pervasive Computing. 8 (1), 66– 74.
• Shakkottai S, Rappaport TS and Karlsson PC (2003) Wireless networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 41, 74-80.
• Ververidis CN and Polyzos GC (2008) Service discovery for mobile ad hoc networks: a survey of issues and techniques. IEEE Commun. Surveys &Tutorials. 10(3), 30–45.
• Wang Y and Garcia-Luna-Aceves JJ (2002) Performance of collision avoidance protocols in single-channel ad hoc networks. In: Proc. of IEEE ICNP.
• Xu K, Gerla M and Bae S (2003) Effectiveness of RTS/CTS Handshake in IEEE 802.11 based ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Network.pp: 98-106.

• Claims of Paranormal Experiences - I: A Survey of Psi and Psi-related Experiences

Abstract Views :190  | 

Authors

S. Usha , Satwant Pasricha

Source

NIMHANS Journal, Vol 7, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 143-150

Abstract

Claims of paranormal experiences have been reported from various cultures. a number of surveys of psychic and psi-related experiences have been published since late 19th century, mostly from the west, reporting prevalence rates between 12 per cent and 64 per cent. The present survey was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of Extra Sensory Perception (ESP) and related experiences among college students in Bangalore. From a total of 413 students selected, 328 (79%) were available for the survey between December 1985 and February 1986. Palmer's ESP questionnaire was modified and used to study the psychic experiences and related factors including opinions of the respondents toward psychical research and impact of these experiences on their lives. Findings on the latter two factors are presented in part II of this report. About one third of the students claimed waking ESP experiences or ESP dreams, many of them reported having had such experiences more than once. Most of the findings of the present study are comparable to studies reported from other cultures.

Keywords

Paranormal Experiences, Psychic Experiences, Psi-related Experience, Extra Sensory Perception (ESP), ESP Survey

Full Text

   

• Claims of Paranormal Experiences - II: Attitudes toward Psychical Research and Factors Associated with Psi and Psi-related Experiences

Abstract Views :187  | 

Authors

S. Usha , Satwant Pasricha

Source

NIMHANS Journal, Vol 7, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 151-157

Abstract

In this second part of the paper, data concerning opinions and attitudes of the respondents toward value of parapsychological research and impact of paranormal experiences on their lives will be presented. Important associations between psi related experiences and other factors will be discussed. The paranormal experiences were found to be positively correlated with recall of dreams and lucid dreams as well as with the practice of meditation and use of mind expanding drugs. That is, both natural and induced altered states of consciousness were found to be good predictors of psi and psi-related experiences. A majorty of the respondents had a positive attitude toward the value of parapsychological research. Some of them considered paranormal experiences as valuable to them while others sought help from the psychics. Although the authenticity of these experiences could not be established, they definitely have an impact on the lives of the experients. For a better understanding and utility of such experiences, further studies on larger samples are suggested.

Keywords

Paranormal Experiences, Psi-experiences, Psi-related Experiences, Extrasensory Perception (ESP), ESP Survey

Full Text

   

• A Multi Way Acknowledgment Protocol to Detect Misbehaving Nodes in Manets

Abstract Views :400  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

S. Usha , S. Radha

Source

National Journal of System and Information Technology, Vol 3, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 79-88

Abstract

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a product development process that encompasses a sheer amount of data gathered from customers through several market research techniques like personal interview, focus groups, surveys, video conferencing etc. This massive, unsorted and unstructured data is required to be transformed into a limited number of structured information to represent the actual 'Customer Needs'. However the process is tedious and time consuming and cannot be dealt with manually. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a futuristic software framework based on an Affinity Process. The paper begins with the topic introduction and outlines the QFD process. The paper then describes the Affinity Process, builds the data structure and then makes an attempt to build the proposed framework using tools Visual Basic (VB) and MS-Access. The proposed framework is developed as a part of QFD software and it is anticipated that when completely developed, it would act as a vital component of QFD software.

Keywords

QFD, Affinity Process, Visual Basic, MS-Access, Software, Customer Needs

Full Text

     

References

• L. Buttyan and J.-P. Hubaux,(2000) “Enforcing Service Availability in Mobile Ad-Hoc WANs,” Proc. MobiHoc.
• L. Buttyan and J.-P. Hubaux, “Stimulating Cooperation in Self-Organizing Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” ACM .
• S. Zhong, J. Chen, and Y.R. Yang, (2003)“Sprite: A Simple, Cheat-Proof, Credit-Based System for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks,” Proc.INFOCOM.
• S. Marti, T. Giuli, K. Lai, and M. Baker,(2000) “Mitigating Routing Misbehavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. MobiCom.
• S. Buchegger and J.-Y. Le Boudec,(2002) “Performance Analysis of the CONFIDANT Protocol: Cooperation of Nodes, Fairness in Dynamic Ad-Hoc Networks,” Proc. MobiHoc.
• K. Balakrishnan, J. Deng, and P.K. Varshney, (2005 ) “TWOACK: Preventing Selfishness in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. IEEE Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf. (WCNC ’05).
• S. Zhong, J. Chen, and Y.R. Yang,(2005) “Sprite: A Simple, Cheat-Proof, Proc. IEEE Wireless Comm. and Networking Conf.
• Y. Hu, D.B. Johnson, and A. Perrig, (2003)“SEAD: Secure Efficient Distance Vector Routing for Mobile Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 175-192.
• D. Johnson, D. Maltz, Y.C. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, (2002) “The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (DSR),” Internet draft.
• B. Awerbuch, D. Holmer, C.-N. Rotaru, and H. Rubens,( 2002 ) “An On-Demand Secure Routing Protocol Resilient to Byzantine Failures,” Proc. ACM Workshop Wireless Security (WiSe).
• L. Zhou and Z.J. Haas, “Securing Ad Hoc Networks, (2003)” IEEE Network Magazine, vol. 13, no. 6, Nov./Dec. 1999. Proc. INFOCOM.
• H. Miranda and L. Rodrigues, (2002) “Preventing Selfishness in OpenMobile Ad Hoc Networks,” Proc. Seventh CaberNet RadicalsWorkshop.
• (13)L. Buttyan and J.-P. Hubaux, (2006) “Security and Cooperation in Wireless Networks,” http://secowinet.epfl.ch,
• S. Buchegger and J.-Y. L. Boudec, (2002 )“Performance analysis of the CONFIDANT protocol: Cooperation of nodes -fairness in dynamic ad-hoc networks,” in Proceedings ofIEEE/ACM Workshop on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHOC). IEEE.
• The network simulator http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns

• MANET Based, Cross layer Monitoring Process to Improve the Performance of IEEE 802.11

Abstract Views :167  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

S. Usha ¹, S. Radha ²

Affiliations
1 Sri Sairam Engineering College, Department of Information Technology, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at SSN College of Engineering, Chennai

Source

Wireless Communication, Vol 3, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 214-217

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc networks are this newly evolved networking concept primarily due to the increase in use of wireless technology for communication. But the MANET concept faces issues over resource sharing, volatility of the network and erroneous data transmission. Thus a new cross layer design approach is being proposed where service discovery and routing functions are coupled for optimization. Congestion avoidance adopted due to the noise resulting from interference rather than from actual congestion or packet loss results in low bandwidth utilization. The new approach adopted in this paper will try and overcome these issues by sharing the information among various levels and minimizing data retransmissions and losses by making appropriate responses for the events.

Keywords

MANET, Congestion, Packet Loss, Wireless Networks and Cross Layer.

Full Text

     

• Growth Pattern of "Healthy" Infants Belonging to a Low Socio-Economic Group in Madras

Abstract Views :191  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

Florence Theophilus ¹, S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Home Science Department, Women's Christian College, Madras-600 006, IN

Source

The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 22, No 10 (1985), Pagination: 293-300

Abstract

Studies on growth and physical development of infants and children are important as they provide determinants of a nation's health'. On the whole, the labor force is from the low socio-economic segment of the population and it is all the more important that nutritionists and health educators should be concerned with the growth and development of infants belonging to this group. Devadas et al, have studied the physical measurements of infants in Coimbatore in relation to diet and nutrition.

Full Text

     

• Development of a Fast, Reliable Fringe Projection Profilometry System

Abstract Views :175  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

R. Madhusudhan Rao ¹, R. Deepa ¹, V. Kavitha ¹, S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI), Tumkur Road, Bengaluru, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 15, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 3-11

Abstract

Structured Light Scanning (SLS) systems have become popular for their reliability and accuracy. In this work, Fringe Projection based SLS system has been developed. Usage of Multi-level Quality Guided Phase unwrapping algorithm for recovering the true phase map is presented; System calibration, along with the process of recovering depth from phase is explained. Finally measurement results are presented to reaffirm the fact that phase shifting technique along with quality guided spatial unwrapping can be used for fast, full field 3D-Scanning.

Keywords

Fringe Projection, 3-D Shape, Fringe Analysis, Unwrapping, Phase-Shifting.

Full Text

     

• Through Focus Signature Analysis for Nano Features

Abstract Views :168  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

S. Usha ¹, P. V. Shashikumar ¹, G. C. Mohan Kumar ², S. Srikantharao ²

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Tumkur Road, Bangalore, IN
2 NITK, Suratkal, Mangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 13, No 7 (2014), Pagination: 20-25

Abstract

Semiconductor device fabrication process is the most sophisticated and complex manufacturing process. Advances in the manufacturing processes has brought down the feature size of gate to as low as 22 nm. Hence there is a great demand for process control of feature dimension below the resolution limit of visible wavelength microscopy. Lot of research has been focused on increasing the resolution of the metrology tools. We have adopted a novel optical technique that shows nanoscale measurement sensitivity using conventional optical microscopes. Here through-focus images are acquired at different focus positions. These focused and defocused images are used to build an intensity map whose signature reflects the target pattern. This technique is used to identify relative nanoscale change in dimension between two targets by finding the change in the signature of the intensity map.

Keywords

Through Focus Imaging, Focus Metric, Through Focus Signature, CD Metrology, Nano Metrology, Diffraction Limit.

Full Text

     

• Machine Vision for Metrology Applications

Abstract Views :167  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

S. Usha ¹, P. V. Shashi Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 13, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 26-29

Abstract

Conventional coordinate measuring machine posses problem for handling delicate components. Optical profile projectors require enormous time for manual cursor positioning to make measurements. A separate setup is called for inspecting the surface finish (microscope). These issues are addressed by a single setup using vision techniques for both precision measurements as well as to identify surface defects. This paper discusses about machine vision technique for metrology requirement and explain how ‘Vision for Metrology’ differs in terms of sensor requirement, lighting techniques, calibration methods and algorithm from a conventional vision system used for feature identification, recognition etc.

Keywords

Vision Metrology, Non-Contact Measurement.

Full Text

     

• Analysis of Non-Isolated Bidirectional Active Clamped DC-DC Converter for PV and Battery Integrated Systems

Abstract Views :137  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹, C. Subramani ¹, B. Dinesh Naidu ¹, M. S. R. Vishnu Venkatesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 22 (2016), Pagination: 

Abstract

Background/Objective: A novel soft switching technique is implemented in a Bidirectional DC-DC converter by using an Active clamped Auxiliary switch and in turn it achieves continuous current of inductor and operates at constant frequency is used to turn ON and turn OFF the switches. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The Power electronics converter systems have DC bus voltages they are connected to batteries or supercapacitors. Bidirectional converters which are connected to battery, supercapacitor allows them to charge or discharge. A new soft switching Bi-directional direct current to direct current converter is presented in this paper. This converter is operated in zero voltage and zero current switching, continuous inductor current and constant frequency that frequency is used to turn ON and turn OFF the switches. The switching stresses are reduced in this proposed method by auxiliary switches compared to traditional methods. The simulation results are obtained by using MATLAB software in this paper. Findings: The proposed converter is implemented by using an Auxiliary switch with soft switching technique. The output is ripple free DC voltage of 63.5V. Improvements: The Bidirectional Converter will operate at continuous inductor current also with less ripples in output voltage.

Keywords

Auxiliary Circuit, Continuous Inductor Current, DC-DC Converter, Power Electronics, Pulse Width Modulation, Soft-Switching.

Full Text

   

• Effect of a Dash Board Teaching Programme on Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Risk Assessment Compliance Among Primary Care Nurses in an Urban Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract Views :207  |  PDF Views:1

Authors

Sujitha Elavally ¹, S. Usha ², S. Ramya ²

Affiliations
1 Sri Ramachandra College of Nursing, Porur, Chennai- 600 116, IN
2 Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Porur, Chennai- 600 116, IN

Source

Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, Vol 5, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 492-494

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism is a common and serious complication among hospitalised patients.VTE incidence increases the hospital stay and thus the cost of treatment. Staff nurses play an important role in the risk assessment, prophylaxis and prevention of VTE. Their knowledge on VTE largely influences the successful VTE prevention programme. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a dash board teaching programme on the risk assessment compliance among staff nurses. A retrospective audit of in-service department files was conducted to assess the intervention and outcome measures. The audit included the laptop assisted teaching, post-test knowledge of nurses on VTE and their compliance on VTE assessment. The approach was descriptive. The instruments used were a 10 item knowledge questionnaire and a 24 item VTE risk assessment tool. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. The result showed that the knowledge of staff nurses and risk assessment compliance was good. There was a positive correlation between compliance and knowledge among staff nurses.

Keywords

Venous Thromboembolism, Prevention, Prophylaxis, Staff Nurses, Knowledge, Teaching, Compliance.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :164  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 10, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 25-26

Abstract

This last part of the series presents an overview of the commercially available existing optical 3D measurement systems.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :160  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 10, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 33-34

Abstract

This part of the series presents on overview of the commercially available existing optical 3D measurement systems.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :154  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 11-12 (2010), Pagination: 26-27

Abstract

This part of the series on Recent Trends in Machine Vision' deals with the performance assessment issues and techniques comprising calibration, sensors, occlusion, obscuration and softwares.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :157  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 9-10 (2010), Pagination: 31-33

Abstract

This part of the series on Recent Trends in Machine Vision' in 'What is new in Technology' deals with the technological developments in 3D measurements in vision field such as BIRIS range sensor, micro projectors, digital micromirror devices, and their working principles in difficult environments.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :156  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 27-28

Abstract

This part of the series on Recent Trends in Machine Vision' in 'What is new in Technology' deals with the Moire technique and laser radar 3-D imaging method or the speckle pattern sampling method in measurement applications, their advantages and limitations.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :163  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 5 (2010), Pagination: 27-29

Abstract

This fourth part o f our special series on Recent Trends in Machine Vision' in 'What is new in Technology' deals with the structured light technique comprising laser interference method and fringe projection method and their resolution.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :158  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 28-30

Abstract

This third part of our special series on Recent Trends in Machine Vision' in the 'What is new in Technology' talks about the principles of optical active triangulation & limitations of the approach and solutions.

Full Text

     

• Recent Trends in Machine Vision

Abstract Views :168  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 25-26

Abstract

The machine vision technology has matured significantly over the past few years. It is emerging as a superior alternative to human labor in process and quality control and is extremely sought after to create lean and flexible manufacturing systems. With its ability to deliver high accuracy while ensuring throughput on the production line, vision systems also serve as efficient quality control tools. Emerging trends in the field of sensors, embedded systems, illumination methods, and camera and laser technology are expected to contribute immensely to the future growth of machine vision systems.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :156  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 7-8 (2010), Pagination: 30-31

Abstract

This part of the series on 'Recent Trends in Machine Vision' in 'What is New in Technology' describes different measurements such as Interferometry, Stereophotogrammetry and Loser Tracking System.

Full Text

     

• Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques

Abstract Views :141  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 9, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 25-26

Abstract

This second part of our special series on Recent Trends in Machine Vision’ in the ‘What is new in Technology’ talks about the active and passive vision measurement techniques.

Full Text

     

• Lab View Based Virtual Instrumentation and Control System for Testing of Linear Hydraulic Actuator

Abstract Views :160  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹, R. V Patil ¹, B. Ramakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore-560022, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 3, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 7-10

Abstract

Linear hydraulic actuators for critical applications, have to undergo very stringent qualification tests, to establish their suitability for the designed task. Endurance test is one of the important tests conducted on linear actuators, as a part of design qualification. The endurance test requirements are very stringent, and hence conducting the test manually is very tedious and time consuming. The paper describes a PC based Virtual instrumentation and controller developed for one such application.

Full Text

     

• Automatic Visual Inspection:An Object Oriented Approach

Abstract Views :160  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

C. P. Mariadassou ¹, S. Usha ¹, D. R. Raghavendra ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bangalore-560022, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 1, No 7-9 (2002), Pagination: 9-12

Abstract

Automatic Visual Inspection (AVI) is the process of using computer vision techniques for inspection. Due to increasing automation it is of late gaining widespread acceptance in the manufacturing industry. The crucial components of an AVI system are: (a) the camera, (b) the frame grabber, (c) the processor, (d) the vision processing software, (e) the lighting and (f) the interface between the AVI and the external system. While most of the components such as the camera, the frame grabber, processor and even the-interface software can be decided a priori the lighting and the vision software have to be determined on site. In this paper we shall be considering the problem of generating the vision software.

Full Text

     

• MDIDS:Multiphase Distributed Intrusion Detection in Virtual Network Systems

Abstract Views :116  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Usha ¹, A. Tamilarasi ², R. Kalaivanan ³

Affiliations
1 University College of Engineering, Panruti, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Kongu Engineering Collge, Erode, Tamilnadu, IN
3 A.R Engineering College, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, IN

Source

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 355-358

Abstract

Cloud security is security principles applied to protect data, applications and infrastructure associated within the cloud computing technology. In this paper a new Multiphase Distributed Network Intrusion Detection system (MDIDS) and prevention framework in a virtual network environment is proposed. It captures and inspects suspicious cloud traffic without interrupting user’s applications and cloud services. The Distributed Denial Of Service (DDOS) attacks caused by the vast flow of requests from various clients to the cloud server at the same time. This DDOS attack is high in Network Intrusion Detection and Counter Measure Selection in Virtual Network Systems (NICE). This is very much reduced in MDIDS and also leads to less CPU Utilization, less virtual machine creation time and less Infrastructure Response Time (IRT).

Keywords

Cloud Computing, Cloud Security, DDOS, Intrusion Detection, Deep Packet Inspection.

Full Text

   

• Design and fabrication of platinum Thin-Film based Temperature Sensor

Abstract Views :207  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

M. K. Mayuresh ¹, S. Harsha ¹, S. Usha ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Bengaluru, IN

Source

Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 19, No 10 (2020), Pagination: 3-11

Abstract

This article presents the development of thin-film temperature sensor with two different types of packaging techniques on silicon wafer. Platinum (Pt) thin film sensing element is designed and fabricated by MicroElectro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, based on photolithography, e-beam evaporation and liftoff techniques on silicon substrate for machine tools applications. SiO2 and Ti are used as insulation and adhesion layers respectively. The thickness of SiO2, Ti and Pt are in nanometers and coated using e-beam evaporation system. The electrical connections were established using Nickel (Ni) coated Copper (Cu) leads. Temperature sensor was extensively characterized using thermal cycling chamber and Fluke calibrator. We have observed 99.975% linearity and ± 0.50C accuracy for temperature range of -25 to 1800C. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) or Alpha (α) was found to be 0.002335 / 0C after repetitive thermal cycling experiment. The sensor is packaged with two different techniques, epoxy packaging and stainless steel (SS) probe package. Two types of epoxies were used, one is electrically and thermally conductive and the other one is ceramic epoxy for isolation and protection. The response time of the sensor with epoxy packaging and SS packaging are 0.4 Sec and 3 Sec respectively. The response time of SS probe can be further reduced by using thin tubes.

Keywords

MEMS, Sensors, Temperature Sensor, Thin-Film, Platinum.

Full Text