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D. Sargunaraj , V. Kumaraiah , H. Mishra , K. Anil Kumar

Abstract

Clients with anxiety neurosis selected according to Feighner et al s Research Diagnostic Criteria were assigned to experimental conditions I and II (n=8 in each group) and a Control group (n=5). All the clients were assessed on physiological (EMG, GSR and EEG - alpha) and psychological measures (Hanilton's Anxiety Rating Scale and the Behaviour Disorder Checklist) before and after a twenty day period. During this interval, clients in experimental condition I were trained to relax with EMG feedback, those in experimental condition II utilised alpha feedback and those in the control group had no contact with the clinic. The results of the analysis of the pre-post therapy changes among the three groups are discussed.

Keywords

Biofeedback, Electromyograph, Alpha Feedback, Anxiety Neurosis

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D. Sargunaraj , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

Pre-therapy assessment data from 22 drop-outs was compared with that on 36 clients who complete the twenty session EMG biofeedback training programme. The analysis indicated that the drop-outs had lesser number of prior consultations for anxiety symptoms, with a tendency to manifest more state anxiety and cognitive anxiety.

Keywords

Treatment Drop-outs, Treatment Compliance

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D. Sargunaraj , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

A median split of a sample of 36 clients with anxiety neurosis resulted in 23 adequate responders in 13 inadequate responders to EMG biofeedback therapy. The data analysis of demographic, clinical, psychological and physiological variables indicated that younger clients who respond to therapy continue to report fewer symptoms on a short-term follow-up.

Keywords

Treatment Outcomes, Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation

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M. V. Thankachan , H. Mishra , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to modify the phobic reactions in children through behavioural techniques. A case of zoo phobia and another case of phobia of travel in automobiles have been presented with behavioural analysis, therapeutic programming and outcome.

Keywords

Colour - US - Technique, Emotive Imagery, Modelling, Desensitization

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S. Mehrotra , V. Kumaraiah , H. Mishra

Abstract

The feasibility and efficacy of using individualized behavioural package programmes in the management of insomnia was studied. The cases having an organic basis and those in which insomnia could have been secondary to another psychiatric diagnosis were not included. Five individuals went through a phase of seven days - baseline assessment in which Sleep disturbance Questionnaire, Arousal Predisposition scale and Sleep Diary were also gathered and Behavioural Analysis was done. Pre Intervention-data were used in tailoring of techniques to cases. In the therapeutic intervention phase of three weeks, the techniques used in varying combinations were Jacobson's Progressive Muscular Relaxation, Stimulus Control, Thought Stop, Cognitive Restructuring and Paradoxical Intention. The measures used in pre assessment were repeated in the post assessment phase of seven days. Improvements were noted in terms of statistical and clinical significance on such indices as sleep onset latency, length and number of awakenings, number of hours of sleep and quality of sleep.

Keywords

Persistent Psychophysiological Insomnia, Behavioural Intervention

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C. Gonzalvez , H. Mishra , H. R. Shashikala , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

This study was conducted to find out the efficacy of Behavioural Intervention in the retraining of an aphasic. The patient had Broca's aphasia. Assessment was done using the Indianized version of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) at the beginning of therapy, after 20 sessions (mid-therapy) and after 40 sessions (post-therapy). After the initial assessment the therapeutic program was cited out using the aphasia retraining method developed at the Behaviour Therapy and Bio-feedback Unit of NIMHANS. The procedures were based on programmed instruction and operant conditioning. Results were analysed using the scores on 6 WAB parameters. Aphasia Quotient and overall language gains on the parameters of Spontaneous Speech, Auditory Verbal Comprehension, Repetition, Naming, Reading and Writing were computed and discussed. The findings revealed improvement on all the language modalities and a trend towards resolution to Transcortical motor aphasia. The efficacy of the Retraining procedure in this patient was established.

Keywords

Aphasia, Programmed Instruction, Operant Conditioning

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A. Abraham , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

The authors evaluated the additive effect of stress inoculation training (SIT) with electromyograph (EMG) feedback assisted relaxation in a sample of 22 clients on psychological as well as physiological measures. There was pre, mid- and post-therapy assessments to monitor the effects of therapy. The addition of SIT into the treatment protocol could bring about significant psychological changes and significantly more self-control in the clients.

Keywords

Feedback Control, Extra Feedback Control, Stress Inoculation Training

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S. Shrivastava , V. Kumaraiah , H. Mishra

Abstract

The present study is an attempt to match varied behavioural strategies to individual cases of male sexual dysfunction and to assess the clinical significance of such interventions in the Indian set-up. Five clients completed the therapy programme. There of the clients treated had male erectile disorder and two had premature ejaculation with secondary impotence. Pre-therapy assessment was done after twelve sessions and post-therapy assessment after twenty five sessions. For assessment, behavioural analysis, Max Hamilton's anxiety and depression rating scales and Mishra's daily impotence rating scale were used. After assessment, based upon the behavioural formulation a therapeutic package comprising of Jacobson's progressive muscular relaxation, Masters and Johnson's technique, behavioural counselling and sex education was applied. The procedures were based on anxiety reduction, positive feed back and operant conditioning principles. Results were analysed using the client and his wife's report regarding sexual satisfaction and level of erection. Objective assessment of changes in associated anxiety and depression were analysed. The findings indicate that the behavioural package developed is efficacious for these clients. The clients reported greater sexual and marital satisfaction and improvement in strength and quality of erection.

Keywords

Male Erectile Disorder, Premature Ejaculation, Masters and Johnson's Technique

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A. Abraham , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

A median split of a sample of 22 clients with anxiety neurosis resulted in11 'adequate responders' and 11 'inadequate responders' to therapy. Data analysis revealed that those clients who reported less number of initial symptoms were significantly more responsive to the therapeutic programme. Out of the 25 clients who participated in the therapeutic programme, 2 dropped out. The authors report their observations and offer certain speculations.

Keywords

EMG Feedback, Stress Inoculation, Responders, Dropouts

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A. Abraham , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

A follow-up assessment done one month after termination of the therapeutic programme revealed that the 'adequate responders' to therapy could maintain improvement and that the 'inadequate responders' could continue to improve. A qualitative analysis of the follow-up data done subsequently, over a period of as long as 26 months, further strengthened the claim that the addition of cognitive treatment methods can result in powerful changes which are general across situations and stable over time.

Keywords

EMG Feedback, Stress Inoculation, Anxiety Neurosis, Follow-up

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Anita Vasudevan , V. Kumaraiah , H. Mishra , J. P. Balodhi

Abstract

Seven tension headache cases were subjected to yogic Meditation for 30 sessions. Single group design with multiple assessment was adopted. The pre, mid and post, assessments were carried out using Psychophysiological measures viz. EMG and GSR and Psychobehavioural measures viz. Visual Analogue Scale. Results indicate no statistically significant reduction in the frontalis muscle tension and skin conductance in the group, although clinically there have been a decline in these measures. Statistically significant reduction in pain perception was observed on the Visual Analogue Scale. Yogic meditation was effective in reducing tension headache.

Keywords

Yogic Meditation, Psychophysiological and Psychobehavioural Measures, Tension Headache

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S. Karpe , V. Kumaraiah , H. Mishra , S. Sheshadri

Abstract

The efficacy of stress inoculation training (SIT) in anger outbursts of adolescents was studied. Those cases having an organic basis and those with any psychiatric disorders or with substance abuse or dependence were not included in the study. The sample consisted of five adolescent boys, four of whom completed the therapeutic program. The baseline assessment consisted of a clinical interview with the adolescent and parents, scores on the anger assessment checklist and visual analogue scale ratings. The adolescents subsequently underwent 25 sessions of therapy which was split into 10 sessions of Jacobson's Progressive Muscular Relaxation and 15 sessions of Stress Inoculation Training and Relaxation. Anger assessment checklist was readministered mid-therapy (after 10 sessions) and post-therapy (after 25 sessions) and visual analogue scale was rated daily by the adolescents. In addition the adolescents also maintained a 'stress diary'. A trend analysis using ANOVA for repeated measures was carried out. There was a significant reduction in scores from pre to post therapy assessment and the F ratio was significant at 0.01 level.

Keywords

Anger, Stress Inoculation Training (SIT)

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N. R. Nalini , V. Kumaraiah , D. K. Subbakrishna

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therpay (Beck's approach) in reducing depression and negative thoughts in neurotic depressives. The sample consisted of 25 clients diagnosed as neurotic depressions who were seen over 25 sessions. The analysis of data of pre and post assessment on some measures revealed that the therapy was significantly effective in bringing about a reduction in depressive features as well as negative thoughts from pre to post assessment period.

Keywords

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Neurotic Depression

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Rupalee Mandke , H. Mishra , V. Kumaraiah , S. T. Yagaval

Abstract

This study was an attempt to find out the effectiveness of biofeedback induced relaxation and behavioural counselling in reducing the physical symptoms, anxiety and pain in five cases of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Single case design with pre and post intervention assessments was adopted. 25 sessions of therapy was carried out with each subject over 30 days besides five sessions of pre and post intervention assessments. The results revealed remarkable improvement in their physical symptoms, anxiety and subjective well-being.

Keywords

Post-operative, Coronary Heart Disease, Biofeedback, Behavioural Counselling, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Single Case Design

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S. Sharma , V. Kumaraiah , H. Mishra

Abstract

This study assessed the effectiveness of stress inoculation training (SIT) for test anxiety. Individuals with any psychiatric disorder, substance abuse/dependence or organicity were not included in the study. The sample consisted of five test-anxious female students, four of whom completed the therapy program. The baseline assessment consisted of a clinical interview with the subjects and parents and scores on the Hindi Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI-H) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI-H) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). After twenty-five sessions of therapy post therapy measures were collected on the TAI-H and the STAI-S. There was a significant reduction in anxiety scores from pre-therapy to post-therapy assessment.

Keywords

Test Anxiety, Stress Inoculation Training

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V. Kumaraiah , P. S. D. V. Prasadarao

Abstract

In this paper we have attempted to review the recent developments in Behaviour Therapy. The areas such as cognitive behaviour therapy, are discussed. Recent trends in the intervention of such clinical disorders as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, somatization disorders, panic disorder, pain and borderline personality disorder have been highlighted. In the present review, a brief account of current treads of research in India are discussed.

Keywords

Behaviour Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Somatization, Panic Disorder, Substance Abuse, Recent Trends

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S. Ramesh , V. Kumaraiah

Abstract

Amongst the various therapeutic procedures used in the area of alcoholism, the behavioural procedures have shown very good and encouraging results. The outcome research is now trying to develop the best effective treatment method. Keeping in the rationale that alcohol dependent individuals maintain their drinking behaviour because of social and interpersonal inadequacy, this study was taken up. A sample of 20 alcohol dependent individuals (ICD-9) were taken up on a single group outcome design. Social skills training with the individuals and behaviour counselling for the significant others were the therapeutic procedures used. There was a pre-, mid and post treatment assessment. Motivation for change, assertiveness, and the alcohol related disabilities were measured. A 16 month follow-up was done. Results showed a significant rate of abstinence in the parameters assessed. This evinces the effectiveness of Social Skills Training (SST) and Behaviour Counselling as an effective mode of treatment for alcoholism.

Keywords

Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, Social Skills Training, Behavioural Councelling

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