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- B. M. Misra
- Punam Kumari Singh
- N. S. K. Harsh
- Rajeev Pandey
- Kamla Uniyal
- Rajiv Pandey
- Y. P. Singh
- Vinita Sharma
- D. N. Joshi
- M. D. Mehrotra
- R. K. Tivari
- P. C. Pandey
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- Sujan Singh
- H. S. Thapar
- M. A. R. Ram
- B. K. Bakshi
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- M. A. Ram Reddy
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- M. A. Ram Reddy
- M. A. R. Reddy
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Khan, S. N.
- Two New Diseases of Indian Conifers
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Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 3 (2002), Pagination: 323-324Abstract
Two folicollous fungi namely Bifusella saccata (Darker) Darker on Pinus roxburghii and a new species, Lophodermium cedri Misra and Khan on Cedrus deodara are reported from India. Their occurrence, symptoms and descriptions are given.
- Mycotoxins Infestation in Buchanania lanzan and Pinus gerardiana Seeds
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Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 4 (2002), Pagination: 421-431Abstract
A total of nine fungi namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A ochraceus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus stolonifer were recorded from the edible kernels of Buchanania lanzan and Pinus gerardiana . A significant variation in pattern of mycoflora incidence was observed in terms of source and season. Fungal infestation in-both the substrates was highest during monsoon. Aflatoxins were the most common mycotoxins elaborated by different isolates of A. flavus obtained from B. lanzan and P.gerardiana . The amount of aflatoxins produced by the toxigenic isolates of A. flavus was in the range of 0.8-17.5 μg/ml in P.gerardiana and 0.65-13.2 μg/ml in B. lanzan . The percentage toxigenicity was comparatively lower in the isolates of other mycotoxigenic fungi. Aflatoxins were detected almost in all the samples analyzed for mycotoxin contamination.- Mycoflora and Mycotoxins in Medicinal Fruit/Seed of Forestry Origin
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 7 (2001), Pagination: 770-776Abstract
Fruit/seed of seven medicinal plants namely Aegle marmelos, Azadirachta indica, Emblica offit;inalis, Plantago ouata, Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula and Vitex negundo were examined for their susceptibility to mould invasion and elaboration of mycotoxins. Fifteen fungi were found associated with seed samples. 23-40% of the isolated fungi were species of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. The strains of A. flavus thus obtained were screened for aflatoxin producing potential. It was found that almost 30% of these isolates elaborated aflatoxin. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin contamination was also determined in these medicinal seeds. Aegle marmelos was found to be most suitable substrate for elaboration of aflatoxins whereas no traces of aflatoxin were detected in P. ovata.- Growth Response of Dalbergia sissoo to AM and Rhizobium Inoculations and Fertilization in Nursery
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 8 (2001), Pagination: 906-909Abstract
Results of a nursery experiment are presented on the impact of AM and Rhizobium inoculations alone and in combination with different doses of fertilizers for all the growth parameters including shoot height, collar diameter, ischolar_main and shoot weight and total biomass. Maximum value for all the parameters was recorded when full dose of fertilizer (NPK) was applied and an equally significant response was recorded with AM inoculations.- Heteroporus Root-rot of Paulownia fortunei
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 9 (2001), Pagination: 1043-1046Abstract
White spongy ischolar_main-rot of Paulownia fortunei was observed in plantations raised at New Forest trial plantation and Doiwala Social Forestry plantation, Dehra Dun. Affected trees showed die-back symptom besides white cottony mycelium on bark of diseased ischolar_mains. The causal organism was identified as Heteroporus biennis (Bull. ex Fries) Bull. Pathogenicity test established the relationship of the ischolar_main-rot fungus with the disease. Field assessment of the ischolar_main-rot was also carried out in the plantation at New Forest, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun.- Methanol Fumigation - an Effective Control for Seed Mycoflora
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 9 (2001), Pagination: 1064-1066Abstract
No abstract- Occurrence of Nematodes in Pinus roxburghii Nurseries
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 11 (2001), Pagination: 1297-1299Abstract
No abstract- Centratherum anthelminticum : a New Host of Root-knot Nematode
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Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 9 (2000), Pagination: 1015-1016Abstract
No abstract- Mycotoxin Producing Potential of Seed Mycoflora of some forest Trees
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Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 11 (2000), Pagination: 1231-1233Abstract
No abstract- Some New Diseases of Albizia Species from India
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Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 12 (2000), Pagination: 1289-1291Abstract
Five foliage pathogens namely, Alternaria alternata on Albizia lebbek and A. procera; Alternaria cassiae, Pleiochaeta setosa, Epicoccum nigrum and Periconia sp. on Albizia lebbek causing leaf spots and a Cephalosporium sp. causing stem necrosis of Albizia chinensis are described as they occur on new hosts.- A New Cladosporium Leaf Spot of Albizia
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 7 (1999), Pagination: 745-746Abstract
No abstract- A New Disease of Taxus from India
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 9 (1999), Pagination: 934-935Abstract
No abstract- Growth Response of Two Forest Tree Species to Vam and Rhizobium Inoculations
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 11 (1999), Pagination: 1125-1128Abstract
Impact of inoculations of Acacia nilotica seedlings with VAM and Rhizobium and Populus deltoides sets with VAM alone and in combination with fertilizers is reported. A. nilotica responded positively to VAM and Rhizobium inoculations with an increase of 40.94% in biomass whereas in P. deltoides an increase of 37.64% was achieved with VAM inoculation in combination with normal dose of fertilizers.- Phytonematodes of Olea Species from India
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Indian Forester, Vol 125, No 12 (1999), Pagination: 1261-1264Abstract
A study on the occurrence of phytonematodes in Olive nurseries in Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh is reported. Eight genera namely Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Hemicriconemoides, Heterodera, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus and Xiphinema in Olea europea and O. cuspidata were recorded. Among these, Meloidogyne was found frequently occurring in all the nurseries. Significant varietal variation was noted in Meloidogyne spp. in O. europea.- Botrytis Blight of Syzygium cumini Skeels in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 12 (1996), Pagination: 1168-1170Abstract
Grey mould blight of Syzygium cumini caused by Botrytis cinerea is reported from India. Symptoms, epidemiology and disease management are discussed briefly.- A Study on the Periodicity of Foliage Diseases of Albizia lebbek and Control of Camptomeris Leaf Spot in Nursery
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Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 8 (1992), Pagination: 594-598Abstract
A disease calendar for nine fungal diseases of Albhia lebbek is prepared for the first time. This will help in management of the diseases of this important tree species in the nursery. Camptomeris leaf spot, an important nursery disease has been effectively controlled by the application of Topsin-M, Jkstein and Dithane M-45. Three to four applications of any of the effective fungicides at tri weekly intervals are recommanded for disease management.- Two New Diseases of Dalbergia sissoo ROXB.
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Indian Forester, Vol 117, No 1 (1991), Pagination: 58-60Abstract
Phoma nivea(Syd) Shrivastava and Bhargava forming stem cankers and Myrothecium roridum Toda ex. Fr. Causing leaf spot recorded as new pathogens on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Disease symmptoms caused by these pathogenes are described.- Sclerotium Leaf Spot and Stem Rot of Poplars
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Indian Forester, Vol 117, No 8 (1991), Pagination: 618-620Abstract
The paper reports the occurrence of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. On poplars causing leaf spot and stem rot together wlth an acconnt of disease development.- Control of Cladosporium Leaf Spot of Poplars in the Nursery
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Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 83-86Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate different fungicides against Cladosporium humile J.J. Davis, a serious foliage pathogen of poplars and to study disease development in Shilli Nursery, Solan (H.P.). Dithane M-45(0.35%) was found most effective followed by a mixture of Dithane M-45 and Bavistin (0.2 and 0.05% respectively) and Dithane M-45 (0.25%) Disease development studies revealed that the pathogen overwinters on the fallen leaves, dormant buds, in lenticels and bark crevices of the standing plants. The infection begin to appear on the plants in the month of May and progressed to a highest disease index in November. Measures to control and contain the disease have been suggested.- New Records of Fungi and New Host Records from India
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 40-43Abstract
Five fungi namely, Coleosporium evodiae Diet., Phyllachora infectoria Cooke, Guignardia calami (H & P. Sydow) Von Arx and E Muller, Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan and Clados. porium uredinicola Speg have been described for the first time from India together with some new host records for India.- Diseases of Forest Trees in Himachal Pradesh and their Control
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 4 (1989), Pagination: 228-234Abstract
The diseases of forestry species (except poplars) in nurseries, plantations and natural forests in H.P. are described along with their control measures, giving details only of potential important ones. The importance of continuous surveillance of forests is stressed.- Relative Resistance of Pines to Cercoseptoria Needle Blight in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 84-88Abstract
The paper deals with field resistance of different hard pines being raised in plantations in India against Cercoseptoria needle blight disease. Based on field observations, Pinus radiata, P. roxburghii. P. oocarpa and P. caribaea var. bahamensis are categorized as susceptible to the disease. P. caribaea var. caribaea, P. greggii, P. pseudostrobus and P. patula are categorized as moderately resistant in plantations which are raised out side their natural temperature zones but resistant in plantations raised in their natural temperature zones. P. kesiya, P. elliottii and P. c1ausa are found resistant to the disease.- Two New Species and some Noteworthy Records on Fungi on Indian Conifers
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Indian Forester, Vol 113, No 5 (1987), Pagination: 359-365Abstract
The paper deals with five important pathogens occurring on conifers in India. A new species of Ploioderma, P.cedri, is reported to cause premature defoliation of infected needles in deodar. Technical description of the species is given. Caeoma himalayensis sp. nov. is recorded on fir needles and is described. The species is considered as conspecific with either Melampsora ciliata on Populus ciliata or M. capraearum on Salix tetrasperma. Discosia strobilina is recorded on spruce needles for the first time. Coleosporium himalayensis on blue pine needles is a new record from India. Periodermium piceae attacking spruce needles is confirmed as alternate stage of Chrysomyx himalensis on Rhododendron arboreum by cross inoculations.- Effect of Fertilisers on Development of Endomycorrhiza in Kauri Pine (Agathis robusta)
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 11 (1984), Pagination: 1093-1097Abstract
The effect of mineral fertilisers and compost on the development of endomycorrhiza in Kauri pine (Agathis robusta C. Moore F.M. Bailey), an exotic species in India, was stUdied. Addition of compost to soil resulted in significant increase in plant growth and resulted in increased Endogone spore population in the substrate. Mineral fertilizer exerted a depressing effect on plant growth and Endogone spore population tven when compost was added to the substrate. Use of compost is therefore recommended in the nursery.- Gummosis, Brown Spot and Seedling Mortality in Su-babul I. Disease Incidence and Pathology of the Host
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 4 (1983), Pagination: 185-192Abstract
A serious disease causing gummosis and canker on stem, branches, racbii and peduncles; dark brown spots on leaflets, rachii, peduncles, young twigs, pods and seed and morlity in natural regeneration is recorded on various varieties of Leucoena leucocephala and on L. diversifolia incidence and intensity of the disease in different localities and detailed symptoms are given. The causal fungus is identified as Fusarium semitectum. The fungus has been described in culture isolated from diseased Leucaena plants. The disease was successfully reproduced on healthy plants by artificial inoculations of both stem and leaves. Cankers were found to take double the time to deVelop on stem when inoculations were made on intact surface (72 days) than on injured sUrface (36 days). Root-rot in seedlings was also successfully reproduced by sowing seeds inoculated with F. semitectum. Studies on pathological anatomy of diseased parts revealed that in stem and branches, gum cavities were formed in Phloem and Phelloderm tissues Some gummy deposits were also observed in epidormal and pallisie tissue of leaffets, in exocarp cells of affeectcd pods, in intervening spaces of sub-epidermal cells and in parenchyma cells of seed coats and in cortical cells of arfected roals. Fungal hyphae were found to spread both intra and intercellularly in the affected tissues.- Control of Cercoseptoria Needle Blight of Pines in Nurseries by Fungicides
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 8 (1983), Pagination: 578-586Abstract
The paper deals with experiments carried out to control Cercoseptoria needle flight of pines in nurseries. Seedlings of Pinus roxburghii, an indigenous pine, and P. greggii, an exotic pine, were used as test species. After screening seven fungicides (dithane M-45, dithane Z-78, cuman L, calixin, bavistin, blitox and karathane) at their prescribed dosages, dithane M-45 and cuman L for P. greggii and dithane Z-78 and calixin along with the above two fungicides for P. roxburghii were selected on the basis of their better performance for testing at higher dosages as none of the seven fungicides effectively controlled the disease at their prescribed dosages. Dithane M-45 and cuman L were found effective at 0.6 per cent concentration in controlling Cercosptoria needle blight on P. greggii in these experiments. On P. roxburghii, however, none of the four fungicides controlled the disease even at highest tested dosages (0.8 per cent except calixin in which case, higher dose was (0.6 per cent). In subsequent experiments where still higher dosages were tested, dithane M-45 and dithane Z-78 effectively controlled the disease on P. roxburghii at 1.0 per cent concentration while in case of calixin the minimal effective dose was found as 0.8 per cent. None of these fungicides had any toxic effect on P. roxburghii seedlings at the higher dosages.- Some New and Noteworthy Diseases of Poplars in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 9 (1983), Pagination: 636-644Abstract
Four new diseases of poplars namely Botryodiplodia sett-rot, Altremaria tip hlight. Cladosporium leaf spot and Fusarium pink incrustation are described in this paper. Botryodiplodia paimarum causes sett-rot of poplars both at pre-sprouting and post-sprouting stage The pathogen also causes mortality of poplar plants in the field within 4-6 weeks alter planting. Alternaria stage of Pleospara infectoria has been found as the cause of blackening and dying of growing tips and young leaves of a Populus sp. & P. deltoides in nurseries. Cladosporium hlumile has been recorded as the cause of brown spot followed by crumpling and premature of shedling of leaves in P. ciliata. P. nigra and P. alha. The cause of Fusarium incruatation disease on P. ciliata bas been identified as Fusarium sp. of Gibbosum group Pathogenicity of Batryodiplodia palmaram & Ailernaria stage of Pleospora infectoria was confirmed by artificial inoculations. Brief descriptions of Ailernaria. Cladosporium & Fusarium are also given. The paper also gives a short account of some noteworthy diseases recorded on poplars namely Ganoderma ischolar_main rot, foliage rusts and stem cankers. Ganoderma ischolar_main-rot is found to reach alarming proporthlns in closely spaced poplar plantations. Melampsora Ciliata, an indigenous fust, is found to attack many clones of P deltoides, P. yunnannensis, P. trichocarpa, P. alba and some cultivars of P. x euramericana in nurseries. A brief account of three types of stem cankers i.e.can kers due to pink disease fungus, Corticium salmonicolor. Sun-scald cankers and cankers associated with slime flux on various clones of of P. deltoides is also given.- Status of Melamipsora Rusts on Poplars in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 10 (1983), Pagination: 743-747Abstract
The paper deals with present status of Melampsora rusts on poplars in India. No exotic rust pathogen bas so for been recorded in nurseries and plantations of exotic poplars in the country. Melampsora ciliata, an indigenous rust attacking Poplur ciliata in nurseries, plantations and natural forests in the Himalayas, has however, been recorded in various clones of Populus deltoides. P alba, P. nigra. P. yunnanensis, P. trichocarpa, and many cultivars of P. x euroamericana. It is suggested that to check inadvertent entry of exotic rust pathogens, a certificate from exporting countries stating that the cuttings have been collected from areas were rust pathogens do not exist should be insisted. To check introduction of M. ciliata in plantations of exotic poplars in plain areas of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana States, a restriction should be imposed that no cuttings collected from rust infected localities should be introduced in these areas.- Gummosis, Brown Spot and Seedling Mortality in Su-babul 2. Epidemiology and Control of the Disease
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Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 11 (1983), Pagination: 810-821Abstract
The paper deals with studies on epidemiology and cuntrol of gummosis, brown spot and seedling mortality of Su-babul in plantations caused by Fusarium semirecium. Studies revealed that nearly 50 per cent of the seeds collected from diseased planlation were infected by the disease pathogen and 70 percent infected seeds either failed to germinate or seedlings were killed within 60 day after germination. Only 13 percent of diseased seeds grew into diseased plants. Primary infection on Sub-babul was found to take place from collateral bosts infected by F. semitectum and occurring withia Sub-babul plantations. Ten collateral hosts namely Cassia fistula. C. tora, Cymhopogon citrutus, Cyperus rotundis, Dendracalamus strictus, Diospyros melanoxylon, Gynodropsis sp , Lantana camara, Murraya koenigli and Sacchorum munja were found infected by F. semetectum in sub-babul plantations. Pathogenicity of the isolates of F. semitectum obtnained from most of the above hosts was confirmed by inoculation experiments. All the above hosts, Dendrocalamus vulgare and Mollocanna baecifera were found as new host records for F. semitectum. Subsequent spread of gnmmosis and canker disease in Sub-babul plantations was found through spores produced on infected seeds, pods and twigs fallen on the ground and through contact of juvenile parts of Su-babul plants with infected Parts of the adjoining diseased plants. Main disease sread was found to take place during first two years of the plantations. While disease spread within plants continued through out the year, plant to plant spread was found to have taken place during monsoon months only. Infection of F. semitectum in Sub-babul seeds was effectively eradicated by giving a 15 minutes dip treatment to infected seeds in 0.1 per cent solutiDn of emisan (Methoxy ethyl mercury chloride) containing 6 per cent mercury. Disease development and spread effectivelly checked by conducting two weedings one in July and the other in October up to 0.3 m radius around the plants along with pruning of lower branches upto one third of plant height during first two yeas of plantation growth.- Some Important Diseases of Hard Pines in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 1 (1982), Pagination: 86-92Abstract
The paper deals with the current status of important diseases of hard pines in India. In nurseries, damping off, seedling will and Cercospora needle blight were found to cause losses of economic importance. While damping off disease has been successfully controlled by use of chemicals, no control of seeding wilt and Cercospara needle bilght has yet been evolved. In plantations, Pinus radiata and to some extent P. oocarpa among exotic pines and P. roxburghii, the indigenous pine, were found susceptible to Cercospora needle blight. Diplodla die-back of exotic pines was recorded in some plantations in Uttar Pradesh. The disease was found absent in exotic pine plantation of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and North Bengal. Lophodermium indianum SuJan Singh and Minter, occurring commonly on mature need es of P. roxburghii and many exotic pines was found as a weak parasite and is thus of no potential importance.- Mortality of Exotic Pines in Plantation in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 10 (1982), Pagination: 653-659Abstract
Mortality of exotic pines in plantations Was recorded due to ischolar_main-rot caused by Armilluriella mellea in North Bengal and due to development of deformed ischolar_main system in Uttar Pradesh and Jdgdalpur (Madhya Pradesh). A. mellea exists in endemic stage in natural forests and developed a high inoculum potential on residual stumps after clearfelling natural forests. Infection of pines took place when pine ischolar_mains came in contact with infected ischolar_mains of decaying stumps. The fungus fromed abundant fruit bodies on decaying stumps and on dead pine plants. Absence of pine to pine spread of disease in the plantations indicates that the disease does not pose any 'serious problem at this stage. Armillariella ischolar_main-rot in exotic pines is recorded for the first time in India. Development of deformed roof system may occur when the bag is left intact at the time of planting or when proper care is not taken at the time of pricking the seedlings in polythene bags or planting in the field. Recommendations are,given to encourage healthy ischolar_main development in exotic pines by taking adequuate precautions at different stages of planting operations.- Effect of Compost and Mineral Fertilizers on Development of Mycorphiza in Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) and Patula Pine (P. Patula Schlecht. and Cham)
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Indian Forester, Vol 102, No 7 (1976), Pagination: 463-471Abstract
The effect of mineral fertilizers and compost of the development of mycorrhiza in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent), an indigenous slow-growing pine and patula pine (P. patula Schlecht and Cham,) an exotic fast growing pine in India was studied. The effects or fertilizers and compost varied with the plant species, In chir pine, application of compost had better effect of plant growth except for reduction of short ischolar_mains but application of fertilizers reduced plant growth as well as short ischolar_mains. On the other hand, addition of compost had no effect on plant growth in patula pine but plant growth increases were directJy proportional to the dosages of NPK fertilizers. Both compost and fertilizers had no effect on short ischolar_main production. In both the species, mycorrhizal development was retarded by application of compost and high dosages of mineral fertilizers.- Natural Decay Resistance of Indian Timbers. IV. Decay Resistance of Irul (Xylia xylocarpa Taub.) and Laurel (Terminalia tomentosa Wight et Arn.)
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Indian Forester, Vol 93, No 8 (1967), Pagination: 567-577Abstract
Studies on natural decay resistance of two timbers namely irul (Xylia xylocarpa) and laurel (Terminalia tomentosa) by "Accelerated laboratory tests" were conducted. Irul is highly decay resistant. This conforms with the field service class (I). It does not exhibit any radial variation in decay resistance. Laurel is moderately resistant in Which decay resistance of the heartwood increases from centre outwards. Decay resistance varied between individuals. In some, it conforms to field service class (II); in others, it is lower.- Natural Decay Resistance of Indian Timbers-v. Decay Resistance of Haldu (Adina cordifolia Hook.f.), Salai (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Walnut (Juglans regia Linn.), Mango (Mangifera Indica Linn.) and Bahera (Terminalia bellirica Roxb.)
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Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 8 (1968), Pagination: 609-619Abstract
Results of studies on the natural decay resistance of 5 hardwood timber species, viz., haldu (Adina cordifolia Hook. F.), salai (Boswellia serrata Roxb.), mango (Mangifera indica Linn.), walnut (Juglans regia Linn.) and bahera Terminalia bellirica Roxb.) are reported. In all the species, except walnut, true heartwood is absent or formed only rarely. All are non-resistant against wood-rotting fungi. These findings based on laboratory tests correspond closely with the performance of the species in 'grave-yard' tests.- Natural Decay Resistance of Indian Timbers. VI. Decay Resistance of Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.), and Sandan (Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochreut)
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block method are reported. While sissoo belongs to very resistant class and exhibits
little or no variation in decay resistance of 'outer' and 'inner' heartwood, sandan
manifests large variations in decay resistance amongst different samples, and within
a sample between 'outer' and 'inner' heartwood. These variations in the latter species are not correlated with heartwood diameter, age of tree or difference in rate of growth of heartwood in the 'outer' aud 'inner' regions.
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Indian Forester, Vol 94, No 9 (1968), Pagination: 686-693Abstract
Results of studies on the natural decay resistance of sissoo and sandan by soilblock method are reported. While sissoo belongs to very resistant class and exhibits
little or no variation in decay resistance of 'outer' and 'inner' heartwood, sandan
manifests large variations in decay resistance amongst different samples, and within
a sample between 'outer' and 'inner' heartwood. These variations in the latter species are not correlated with heartwood diameter, age of tree or difference in rate of growth of heartwood in the 'outer' aud 'inner' regions.
- Studies on Silver Fir Regeneration
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Indian Forester, Vol 98, No 2 (1972), Pagination: 135-144Abstract
The problems of natural and artificial regeneration in fir, Abies pindrow Royle are discussed. The factors inimical to natural reproduction are reviewed. Field studies indicate that deep raw humus, large stand openings, and grazing are some of the important factors contributing to the failure of natural regeneration. In deep humus, the regeneration fails to establish because of poor development of ischolar_mains and mycorrhiza. Few seedlings which survive the initial years develop good ischolar_mains and mycorrhiza when the ischolar_mains reach the mineral soil beneath. Due to difficulties in natural regeneration, artificial regeneration of fir forests is engaging active attention. In the fir zone, seedlings require 3½-years to reach the transplantable height of about 22 cm. To reduce the period of growth in the nursery, it was thought that low attitude nurseries might be helpful. Results of studies conducted in one such nursery at Shamshi (H.P.) are given, and show that germination could be increased and seedling mortality could be controlled through fungicidal seed treatment. However the height growth could not be improved even after soil acidification and introduction of mycorrhiza, due possibly to the inherent slow growth in fir and also because the soil pH which was lowered by acidification did not get stabilized due to high free calcium carbonate in the soil. Seedlings with mycorrhizal ischolar_mains were healthier with green lusture and showed increase in dry weight over the control. Future line of work for the low altitude fir nurseries includes selection of suitable site with acid soils or containing low free calcium carbonate, selection of suitable seed provenance fortification of seedlings with mycorrhiza and stimulating height growth by using growth regulators.- Soil Amendments and Types of Inocula on Development of Mycorrhiza
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