Wireless Sensor Networks- Recent Trends and Research Issues

Due to the increased attention in the potential use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in the applications such as disaster management, border protection, security surveillance etc, sensors are supposed to be placed in large numbers and to operate independently in inaccessible environment where some phenomenon is to be monitored. Wireless Sensor Networks consist of one or more small nodes with wireless sensing, and data networking capabilities. Sensor networks consisting of wireless sensor nodes with limited battery power are deployed in the field to collect useful information. Collecting sensed information in an energy efficient manner is critical to operate the sensor network for a long period of time. So, many routing, power management and data dissemination protocols have been specially designed for WSNs which have energy awareness issues. In this paper, the WSNs model and its components are studied. Then, the different protocols such as LEACH, PEGASIS and TEEN are surveyed.